2020 PORSCHE PANAMERA - WP0AE2A72LL130412 - BADVIN Report

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) means a portion of a service brake system that automatically controls the degree of rotational wheel slip during braking by: (1) Sensing the rate of angular rotation of the wheels; (2) Transmitting signals regarding the rate of wheel angular rotation to one or more controlling devices that interpret those signals and generate responsive controlling output signals; and (3) Transmitting those controlling signals to one or more modulator devices that adjust brake actuating forces in response to those signals.

An auto-reverse system enables power windows and sunroofs on motor vehicles to automatically reverse direction when such power windows and panels detect an obstruction. This feature can prevent children and others from being trapped, injured, or killed by the power windows and sunroofs.

ESC is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction (skidding). When ESC detects loss of steering control, it automatically applies the brakes to help steer the vehicle in the driver's intended direction. Braking is automatically applied to wheels individually, such as the outer front wheel to counter oversteer, or the inner rear wheel to counter understeer. Some ESC systems also reduce engine power until control is regained.

A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.

When the traction control computer detects a driven wheel or wheels spinning significantly faster than another, it invokes an electronic control unit to apply brake friction to wheels spinning due to loss of traction. This braking action on slipping wheels will cause power transfer to the wheels with traction due to the mechanical action within the differential.

A backup camera, also known as a rearview video system, helps prevent back-over crashes and protects our most vulnerable people - children and senior citizens - by providing an image of the area behind the vehicle. A backup camera helps the driver see behind the vehicle while in reverse.

A DBS system is an automatic emergency braking system designed to detect an impending forward crash with another vehicle. DBS systems automatically supplement the driver's braking in an effort to avoid a crash if the driver does not brake hard enough to avoid it.

DRL is an automotive lighting system on the front of a vehicle or bicycle, that automatically switches on when the vehicle is in drive, and emits white, yellow, or amber light to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle during daylight conditions.

A semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device provides automatic or manual control of beam switching at the option of the driver. When the control is automatic, the headlamps switch from the upper beam to the lower beam when illuminated by the headlamps on an approaching car and switch back to the upper beam when the road ahead is dark. When the control is manual, the driver may obtain either beam manually regardless of the condition of lights ahead of the vehicle.

Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Electrification level defines to what level the vehicle is powered by electric system. The common electric system configurations are mild hybrid, strong hybrid, plug-in hybrid, battery electric, and fuel cell vehicles.

(1) Mild hybrid is the system such as 12-volt start-stop or 48-volt belt integrator starter generator (BISG) system that uses an electric motor to add assisting power to the internal combustion engine. The system has features such as stop-start, power assist, and mild level of generative braking features.

(2) Strong hybrid systems, in vehicles such as the Toyota Prius, mainly consist of motors, conventional gasoline engine, and battery, but the source of electrical charge for the battery power is provided by the conventional engine and/or regenerative braking.

(3) Plug-in hybrid systems, in vehicles such as the Toyota Rav4 Prime, mainly consist of motors, conventional gasoline engine and battery. Plug-in hybrid vehicles are like strong hybrids, but they have a larger battery pack and can be charged with an external source of electricity by electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE).

(4) Battery electric vehicles (BEV), such as the Tesla Model S or Nissan Leaf, have only a battery and electrical motor components and use electricity as the only power source.

(5) Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) use full electric drive platforms but consume electricity generated by onboard fuel cells and hydrogen fuel.

Engine brake is the horsepower (hp) at the engine output shaft. Engine Brake (hp) From is the lower value of the range.

This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.

Fuel type defines the fuel used to power the vehicle. For vehicles that have two power sources, such as plug-in hybrid vehicle, both primary fuel type and secondary fuel type will be provided.

Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.

This is a numerical field to store the number of doors on a vehicle.

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the higher bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

This field captures the number of wheels on a vehicle.

Per 49 CFR 565, Make is a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines.

Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.

If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.

Note is used to store any additional information that does not correspond to any of the specified fields on the interface. This is a catch-all element for systems other than for engine, restraint system, brake and battery. Engine, restraint system, brake, and battery have their own note elements.

This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.

Trim levels further identify a vehicle by a particular set of special features. Higher trim levels either will add to the features of the base (entry-level model), or replace them with something else.

This field defines the type of the vehicle based on the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI).

This data element captures the location of steering column, either on left- (LHD) or right-hand side (RHD).

This data element is a numeric field to capture the number of rows of seats in a vehicle.

This data element is a numeric field to store the number of seats in a vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the body type of the vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Make of the vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Model of the vehicle.

This numerical field defines the number of axles on a vehicle.

Transmission speed is a numerical field to capture the number of speeds for a transmission, such as 6 for a six-speed automatic or manual transmission.

Transmission style provides information about the type of transmissions. The major types of transmissions are manual transmission, automatic transmission, continuously variable transmission (CVT), and dual-clutch transmission (DCT).

Other Restraint Info field is used to code additional information about restraint system that cannot be coded in any other restraint fields.

This field describes the type of seat belt, such as manual or automatic. Automatic seat belts automatically close over riders in a vehicle. Automatic seat belts were mainly used in some older model GM, Nissan, and Honda vehicles and are rarely seen now.

This field captures the location of frontal air bags. Frontal air bags are generally designed to deploy in "moderate to severe" frontal or near-frontal crashes.

This field captures the location of knee air bags, which deploy from a car's lower dashboard, are meant to distribute impact forces on an occupant's legs in the case of a crash, thereby reducing leg injuries.

This field captures the location of side air bags, typically designed for three areas of added protection: chest/torso, head, or both.