2019 BMW 4 SERIES - WBA4W3C56KAF92252 - BADVIN Report

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) means a portion of a service brake system that automatically controls the degree of rotational wheel slip during braking by: (1) Sensing the rate of angular rotation of the wheels; (2) Transmitting signals regarding the rate of wheel angular rotation to one or more controlling devices that interpret those signals and generate responsive controlling output signals; and (3) Transmitting those controlling signals to one or more modulator devices that adjust brake actuating forces in response to those signals.

An auto-reverse system enables power windows and sunroofs on motor vehicles to automatically reverse direction when such power windows and panels detect an obstruction. This feature can prevent children and others from being trapped, injured, or killed by the power windows and sunroofs.

ESC is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction (skidding). When ESC detects loss of steering control, it automatically applies the brakes to help steer the vehicle in the driver's intended direction. Braking is automatically applied to wheels individually, such as the outer front wheel to counter oversteer, or the inner rear wheel to counter understeer. Some ESC systems also reduce engine power until control is regained.

A keyless ignition system permits starting a car without a physical key being inserted into an ignition. Instead, a small device known as a "key fob" transmits a code to a computer in the vehicle when the fob is within a certain close range. When the coded signal matches the code embedded in the vehicle's computer, a number of systems within the car are activated, including the starter system. This allows the car to be started by simply pressing a button on the dashboard while the key fob is left in a pocket or a purse. The vehicle is usually shut down by pushing the same button.

A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.

When the traction control computer detects a driven wheel or wheels spinning significantly faster than another, it invokes an electronic control unit to apply brake friction to wheels spinning due to loss of traction. This braking action on slipping wheels will cause power transfer to the wheels with traction due to the mechanical action within the differential.

An ACN system notifies emergency responders that a crash has occurred and provides its location.

A backup camera, also known as a rearview video system, helps prevent back-over crashes and protects our most vulnerable people - children and senior citizens - by providing an image of the area behind the vehicle. A backup camera helps the driver see behind the vehicle while in reverse.

A parking assist system uses computer processors, back up cameras, surround-view cameras, and sensors to assist with steering and other functions during parking. Drivers may be required to accelerate, brake, or select gear position. Some systems are capable of parallel and perpendicular parking. Drivers must constantly supervise this support feature and maintain responsibility for parking.

A CIB system is an automatic emergency braking system designed to detect an impending forward crash with another vehicle. CIB systems automatically apply the brakes in a crash imminent situation to slow or stop the vehicle, avoiding the crash or reducing its severity, if the driver does not brake in response to a forward collision alert.

A DBS system is an automatic emergency braking system designed to detect an impending forward crash with another vehicle. DBS systems automatically supplement the driver's braking in an effort to avoid a crash if the driver does not brake hard enough to avoid it.

An FCW system monitors a vehicle's speed, the speed of the vehicle in front of it, and the distance between the vehicles. If the vehicles get too close due to the speed of either vehicle, the FCW system will warn the driver of the rear vehicle of an impending crash so that the driver can apply the brakes or take evasive action, such as steering, to prevent a potential crash. FCW systems provide an audible, visual, or haptic warning, or any combination thereof, to alert the driver of an FCW-equipped vehicle of a potential collision.

A PAEB system provides automatic braking for vehicles when pedestrians are in front of the vehicle and the driver has not acted to avoid a crash.

BSW alerts drivers with an audio or visual warning if there are vehicles in adjacent lanes that the driver may not see when making a lane change.

An LDW system monitors lane markings and alerts the driver if their vehicle drifts out of their lane without a turn signal or any control input indicating the lane departure is intentional. An audio, visual or other alert warns the driver of the unintentional lane shift so the driver can steer the vehicle back into its lane.

ADB is a type of front-lighting system that lets upper beam headlamps adapt their beam patterns to create shaded areas around oncoming and preceding vehicles to improve long-range visibility for the driver without causing discomfort, distraction, or glare to other road users.

DRL is an automotive lighting system on the front of a vehicle or bicycle, that automatically switches on when the vehicle is in drive, and emits white, yellow, or amber light to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle during daylight conditions.

A semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device provides automatic or manual control of beam switching at the option of the driver. When the control is automatic, the headlamps switch from the upper beam to the lower beam when illuminated by the headlamps on an approaching car and switch back to the upper beam when the road ahead is dark. When the control is manual, the driver may obtain either beam manually regardless of the condition of lights ahead of the vehicle.

ACC automatically adjusts the vehicle's speed to keep a pre-set distance from the vehicle in front of it.

Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

Engine brake is the horsepower (hp) at the engine output shaft. Engine Brake (hp) From is the lower value of the range.

This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.

Fuel type defines the fuel used to power the vehicle. For vehicles that have two power sources, such as plug-in hybrid vehicle, both primary fuel type and secondary fuel type will be provided.

Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.

This is a numerical field to store the number of doors on a vehicle.

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the higher bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Wheel base is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels measured in inches. This field captures the lower bound of the wheel base range.

This field captures the number of wheels on a vehicle.

This field captures the diameter of the front wheel in inches.

This field captures the diameter of the rear wheel in inches.

Per 49 CFR 565, Make is a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines.

Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.

If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.

This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.

This field defines the type of the vehicle based on the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI).

This data element captures the location of steering column, either on left- (LHD) or right-hand side (RHD).

This data element is a numeric field to capture the number of rows of seats in a vehicle.

This data element is a numeric field to store the number of seats in a vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the body type of the vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Make of the vehicle.

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Model of the vehicle.

This numerical field defines the number of axles on a vehicle.

Transmission speed is a numerical field to capture the number of speeds for a transmission, such as 6 for a six-speed automatic or manual transmission.

Transmission style provides information about the type of transmissions. The major types of transmissions are manual transmission, automatic transmission, continuously variable transmission (CVT), and dual-clutch transmission (DCT).

This yes/no field captures whether or not the vehicle has a pretensioner, a device designed to make seatbelts even more effective by removing the slack from a seatbelt as soon as a crash is detected or if the system senses excessive seatbelt tension on the driver's or passenger's seatbelt.

This field describes the type of seat belt, such as manual or automatic. Automatic seat belts automatically close over riders in a vehicle. Automatic seat belts were mainly used in some older model GM, Nissan, and Honda vehicles and are rarely seen now.

This field captures the location of curtain air bags. Curtain air bags are side air bags that protect the head.

This field captures the location of frontal air bags. Frontal air bags are generally designed to deploy in "moderate to severe" frontal or near-frontal crashes.

This field captures the location of knee air bags, which deploy from a car's lower dashboard, are meant to distribute impact forces on an occupant's legs in the case of a crash, thereby reducing leg injuries.

This field captures the location of side air bags, typically designed for three areas of added protection: chest/torso, head, or both.