BADVIN is a vehicle history report database for consumer protection purposes.
We provide sales history and maintenance records of vehicles. You can see recent sales data including sale prices and photos, car condition, historical damages, number of owners, odometer readings, and other important information.
We also use artificial intelligence to automatically flag cars for potential odometer rollbacks and suspicious sales activities.
According to our research, there are thousands of cars with rolled back odometer and "washed" titles on the market today. Don't be a victim, check the car with BADVIN before contacting seller.
We helped hundreds of people to save thousands of dollars. Read testimonials in reviews section.
💸 Do you have examples of bad vehicles?
We run a blog with stories about car fraud. Here are some recent stories:
- This $31,000 Porsche Panamera Scam Was Drowned And Rolled BackDoes the water actually smell? Another example of a really bad deal.
- 2016 BMW i8 For $35,000: Scam or Score?This luxury BMW has changed not only its color but also odometer value.
- This Nissan Armada Just Keeps Getting Younger...Or Does It?Bought wrecked for $725 with 202k miles, on salvage auction again with 150k miles.
- Title Washing Maserati MoneypitSalvage Grand Turismo with odometer rolled back several times within a few years.
Also, there are sample reports of some random cars:
- 2014 JEEP WRANGLERSalvage title with blown airbags. Fully fixed with suspicious odometer.
- 2005 TOYOTA TACOMABought for $4k with 279k miles, cleaned, and on sale for $7k with 96k miles.
- 2005 DODGE MAGNUMTwo salvage auctions within a year. Odometer changed from 232k mi to 118k mi.
- 2005 BMW X3Salvaged several times within a year. Odometer rolled back after the accident.
- 2015 HONDA CROSSTOUROdometer was potentially rolled back from 78k mi to 36k mi.
- 2014 PORSCHE CAYENNE
- 2016 NISSAN SENTRA
Premium Report
All info from Basic Report
Full list of events (better than CARFAX)
Odometer readings from DMV
Save up to $65 on CARFAX and AutoCheck
100% satisfaction guarantee
Basic Report
16 sale reports from different sources
178 actual photos
Odometer readings from sales
Bids and final prices
Real sale descriptions
Not enough reasons to want it? Try to click here.
Why BADVIN is better than other VIN reports?
We give you not only record like a car was at some auction on some date, we give you exact price how much it was sold for, we show you pictures that were used on that auction. So will be able to see how car looked some time ago.
Also we include all events for this VIN, so you will get most of following information:
- Vehicle Specifications
- Title Records and Title Checks
- Junk, Salvage
- Lien, Impound and Theft Records
- Insurance Records
- Owner History, Registered State
- Many other important records
We guarantee that our events list contains all information you need to make a decision about buying the car. If you find our Premium Report not sufficient enough, MONEY BACK GUARANTEED.
Would like to see some examples before purchase? Click here.
We run a blog with stories about car fraud. Here are some recent stories:
- This $31,000 Porsche Panamera Scam Was Drowned And Rolled BackDoes the water actually smell? Another example of a really bad deal.
- 2016 BMW i8 For $35,000: Scam or Score?This luxury BMW has changed not only its color but also odometer value.
- This Nissan Armada Just Keeps Getting Younger...Or Does It?Bought wrecked for $725 with 202k miles, on salvage auction again with 150k miles.
- Title Washing Maserati MoneypitSalvage Grand Turismo with odometer rolled back several times within a few years.
Also, there are sample reports of some random cars:
- 2014 JEEP WRANGLERSalvage title with blown airbags. Fully fixed with suspicious odometer.
- 2005 TOYOTA TACOMABought for $4k with 279k miles, cleaned, and on sale for $7k with 96k miles.
- 2005 DODGE MAGNUMTwo salvage auctions within a year. Odometer changed from 232k mi to 118k mi.
- 2005 BMW X3Salvaged several times within a year. Odometer rolled back after the accident.
- 2015 HONDA CROSSTOUROdometer was potentially rolled back from 78k mi to 36k mi.
- 2014 PORSCHE CAYENNE
- 2016 NISSAN SENTRA
If you want to get full information about the car, your best option is Premium Report for $5.99+.
If you need only sale information, your best choice is Basic Report. You won't get detailed list of events but you will get all photos and other data from all sales that we have for this vehicle. Basic reports available only for dealer membership.
Summary for VIN 1FTNF1CF9EKD17409
| Make | FORD |
| Model | F150 |
| Color | White, Unknown |
| Transmission | Automatic Transmission |
| Engine | 5.0L V8 FI DOHC 32V NF4 |
| Cylinders | 8 Cylinders |
| Drive | Rear Wheel Drive |
| Fuel Type | Other |
BADVIN Premium Report
Found historical records. This may include service and maintenance records, title status (clean, junk, salvage), insurance records, registration events and states, and other information.
Last reported mileage: 860 mi
Sale Record — 6 months ago in Austin, TX, 78741
2014 FORD F150
sold
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| ODO | — (Hidden text) |
| Damage | Hidden text |
| Estimated Retail Value | $5624 |
| Estimated Repair Cost | $5822 (532%) |
| Location | Austin, TX, 78741 |
| Date | ended 6 months ago |
| Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
sale information uploaded by user #663685
Tech Specs
| Color | WHITE |
| Transmission | AUTOMATIC |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 |
| Drive | Rear-wheel drive |
| Fuel Type | FLEXIBLE FUEL |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
6140
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 8586 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $4382 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #831558
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
6407
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 8459 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $1136 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #439344
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
2346
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 5877 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $4929 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #775411
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
6742
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 2286 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $5909 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #118576
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
9971
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 3202 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $2952 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #193174
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
1459
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 9332 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $7104 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #29633
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
8300
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 2067 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $6347 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #861057
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
9707
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 3833 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $7443 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #524551
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
9191
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 3180 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $3934 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #423215
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
9973
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 1914 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $8097 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #136380
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
1352
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 9074 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $8293 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #621017
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 5.0L 8 CYLINDER |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
4120
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 2837 mi |
| Condition | Hidden text |
| Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
| Buy Now Price | $1284 |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | classifieds |
sale information uploaded by user #828026
Tech Specs
| Body Style | Regular Cab Pickup |
| Color | White |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Engine | 8 Cylinder Engine 5.0L/302 |
| Drive | 2WD Reg Cab 145" XL |
| Fuel Type | Flex Fuel |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 4216 mi (Hidden text) |
| Loss | Hidden text |
| Damage | Hidden text |
| Estimated Retail Value | $2632 |
| Estimated Repair Cost | $3696 (728%) |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago sold for $9963 |
| Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
sale information uploaded by user #213042
Tech Specs
| Color | White, Unknown |
| Transmission | Automatic Transmission |
| Engine | 5.0L V8 FI DOHC 32V NF4 |
| Cylinders | 8 Cylinders |
| Drive | Rear Wheel Drive |
| Fuel Type | Other |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Sale Record — 4 years ago in Houston, TX, 77041
| Year | 2014 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 7280 mi (Hidden text) |
| Loss | Hidden text |
| Damage | Hidden text |
| Estimated Retail Value | $6076 |
| Estimated Repair Cost | $6432 (234%) |
| Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
| Date | ended 4 years ago sold for $4822 |
| Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
sale information uploaded by user #147645
Tech Specs
| Color | White, Unknown |
| Transmission | Automatic Transmission |
| Engine | 5.0L V8 FI DOHC 32V NF4 |
| Cylinders | 8 Cylinders |
| Drive | Rear Wheel Drive |
| Fuel Type | Other |
Photos
All photos below are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
VIN Decoder
Found 179 factory options in 38 categories
Vehicle Equipment
Air Bag - Frontal
- Driver Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag On/Off Switch
- Hidden text
Air Bag - Side
- Front Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
Air Conditioning
- A/C
Audio
- AM/FM Stereo
Brakes
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
Convenience
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
Drivetrain
- Rear Wheel Drive
Engine
- 8 Cylinder Engine
Fuel
- Flex Fuel Capability
Mirrors
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
Safety Features
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
Seats
- Split Bench Seat
Steering
- Power Steering
Tire - Spare
- Conventional Spare Tire
Tires
- Tire Pressure Monitor
Transmission
- 6-Speed A/T
- Hidden text
Equipment Details
MECHANICAL
- 155 Amp Alternator
- 2998
- 3.55 Axle Ratio
- 2364
- 78-Amp/Hr 750CCA Maintenance-Free Battery w/Run Down Protection
- Hidden text
- Electric Power-Assist Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Gas-Pressurized Shock Absorbers
- Hidden text
- Rear-Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Towing Equipment -inc: Trailer Sway Control
- Hidden text
- Transmission w/Oil Cooler
EXTERIOR
- Black Door Handles
- Hidden text
- Cargo Lamp w/High Mount Stop Light
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window
- Hidden text
- Galvanized Steel/Aluminum Panels
- Hidden text
- Regular Box Style
- Hidden text
- Tailgate Rear Cargo Access
- Hidden text
INTERIOR
- 2 12V DC Power Outlets
- 7297
- 4-Way Passenger Seat -inc: Manual Recline and Fore/Aft Movement
- Hidden text
- Day-Night Rearview Mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Cigar Lighter(s)
- Hidden text
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Hidden text
- Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Securilock Anti-Theft Ignition (pats) Engine Immobilizer
- Hidden text
SAFETY
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Hidden text
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
- Hidden text
- Side Impact Beams
ENTERTAINMENT
- 4 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Radio w/Clock
Chassis
Brakes
- Brake ABS System - 4-Wheel
- Hidden text
- Brake Type - 4-Wheel Disc
- Hidden text
- Disc - Rear (Yes or ) - Yes
- Hidden text
- Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 13.7 in
Fuel Tank
- Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx - gal
- Hidden text
Steering
- Steering Type - Rack-Pinion
- Hidden text
Suspension
- Axle Capacity - Front - 3750 lbs
- Hidden text
- Axle Ratio (:1) - Front -
- Hidden text
- Axle Type - Front - Independent
- Hidden text
- Spring Capacity - Front - lbs
- Hidden text
- Suspension Type - Front - Double Wishbone
- Hidden text
Tires
- Front Tire Capacity - 4050 lbs
- Hidden text
- Front Tire Size - P235/75SR17
- Hidden text
- Rear Tire Order Code - T7B
- Hidden text
- Spare Tire Size - Full-Size
Trailering
- Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - lbs
- Hidden text
- Fifth Wheel Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - lbs
- Hidden text
- Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - lbs
- Hidden text
Weight Information
- Curb Weight - Front - lbs
- Hidden text
- Gross Axle Wt Rating - Front - lbs
- Hidden text
- Gross Combined Wt Rating - lbs
- Hidden text
Wheels
- Front Wheel Size - 17 X 7.5 in
- Hidden text
- Spare Wheel Material - Steel
- Hidden text
Dimensions
Cargo Area Dimensions
- Cargo Box (Area) Height - 22.4 in
- Hidden text
- Cargo Box Width @ Floor - 65.2 in
- Hidden text
- Cargo Box Width @ Wheelhousings - 50 in
- Hidden text
- Tailgate Width - 60.3 in
Exterior Dimensions
- Ground Clearance, Front - in
- Hidden text
- Ground to Top of Load Floor - in
- Hidden text
- Length, Overall w/o rear bumper - in
- Hidden text
- Width, Max w/o mirrors - 79.2 in
Interior Dimensions
- Front Head Room - 41 in
- Hidden text
- Front Leg Room - 41.4 in
- Hidden text
- Passenger Capacity - 3
Powertrain
Electrical
- Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (2nd) - 750
- Hidden text
- Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps) - 155
Engine
- Displacement - 5.0 L/302
- Hidden text
- Engine Camshaft - DOHC
- Hidden text
- Engine Displacement Units -
- Hidden text
- Engine Order Code - 99F
- Hidden text
- Engine Valve Count -
- Hidden text
- Fuel System - Sequential MPI
- Hidden text
- SAE Net Torque @ RPM - 380 @ 4250
Mileage
- EPA Fuel Economy Est - City - MPG
- Hidden text
- Fuel Economy Est-Combined -
Transmission
- Drivetrain - Rear Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- First Gear Ratio (:1) - 4.17
- Hidden text
- Reverse Ratio (:1) - 3.40
- Hidden text
- Sixth Gear Ratio (:1) - 0.69
- Hidden text
- Trans Description Cont. - Automatic w/OD
- Hidden text
- Trans PTO Access - No
- Hidden text
- Transfer Case Model - None
- Hidden text
Summary
Summary
- Body Code - T
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Name - Ford F-150
Vehicle
Vehicle
- Country of Origin - United States Ford
Get FULL ACCESS to complete vehicle report with one of our options.
Similar vehicles sales records
2021 FORD ECOSPORT
in 2 days, 5,651 mi
est retail value $21,663
buy now price $3,550
VIN MAJ3S2GE5MC447860
Other vehicles sales records
2000 INTERNATIONAL 9400 9400I
in 20 hours,
est retail value $9,975
buy now price $5,000
VIN 2HSCNAMR1YC052195
2011 TOYOTA CAMRY
in 5 days, 122,207 mi
est retail value $9,763
buy now price $1,975
VIN 4T4BF3EK1BR130112
2007 INTERNATIONAL 9400 9400I
in 20 hours, 965,242 mi
est retail value $15,987
buy now price $5,500
VIN 2HSCNAPR37C458618
Other VIN of 2014 FORD F150
1FTNF1CF9EKD13649 1FTNF1CF9EKD16292 1FTNF1CF9EKD16325 1FTNF1CF9EKD16356 1FTNF1CF9EKD16437 1FTNF1CF9EKD16518 1FTNF1CF9EKD16521 1FTNF1CF9EKD16549 1FTNF1CF9EKD16566 1FTNF1CF9EKD16678 1FTNF1CF9EKD16700 1FTNF1CF9EKD17331 1FTNF1CF9EKD17538 1FTNF1CF9EKD17622 1FTNF1CF9EKD17779 1FTNF1CF9EKD17877 1FTNF1CF9EKD17894 1FTNF1CF9EKD17944 1FTNF1CF9EKD18236 1FTNF1CF9EKD18253 1FTNF1CF9EKD18320 1FTNF1CF9EKD18351 1FTNF1CF9EKD18415 1FTNF1CF9EKD18432 1FTNF1CF9EKD18463 1FTNF1CF9EKD18527 1FTNF1CF9EKD18544 1FTNF1CF9EKD18575 1FTNF1CF9EKD18592 1FTNF1CF9EKD20424 1FTNF1CF9EKD20438 1FTNF1CF9EKD20441 1FTNF1CF9EKD20522 1FTNF1CF9EKD20536 1FTNF1CF9EKD20696 1FTNF1CF9EKD20701 1FTNF1CF9EKD20746 1FTNF1CF9EKD20813 1FTNF1CF9EKD20830 1FTNF1CF9EKD20858 1FTNF1CF9EKD20908 1FTNF1CF9EKD20925 1FTNF1CF9EKD20939 1FTNF1CF9EKD21055 1FTNF1CF9EKD21136 1FTNF1CF9EKD21301 1FTNF1CF9EKD27566 1FTNF1CF9EKD28152 1FTNF1CF9EKD34212 1FTNF1CF9EKD44268 1FTNF1CF9EKD44478