2015 LAND ROVER RANGE ROVER EVOQUEVIN: SALVP2BG9FH960203
Historical Records
Vehicle declared a total loss by an insurance company
Collision damage reported
Titled or registered as lease vehicle
Maintenance inspection completed
Year | 2015 |
Title | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
ODO | 3353 mi (Hidden text) |
Damage | Hidden text |
Estimated Retail Value | $2790 |
Location | Houston, TX, 77041 |
Date | ended 9 months ago |
Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
Body Style | 4DR SPOR |
Color | BLACK |
Transmission | AUTOMATIC |
Engine | 2.0L 4 |
Drive | All wheel drive |
Fuel Type | GAS |
Year | 2015 |
Title | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
ODO | 6836 mi (Hidden text) |
Damage | Hidden text, Hidden text |
Location | Ft. Worth, TX, 76126 |
Date | ended a year ago |
Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
Body Style | 4DR SPOR |
Color | BLACK |
Transmission | AUTOMATIC |
Engine | 2.0L 4 |
Drive | All wheel drive |
Fuel Type | GAS |
Sale Record
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 4513 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Euless, TX, 76040 |
Date | ended a year ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Body Style | 5DHB |
Color | Black |
Color (Interior) | Tan |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 2 Seatback Storage Pockets
- 2408
- A/C
- Hidden text
- As Tires
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Door Handles
- Hidden text
- Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Deep Tinted Glass
- Hidden text
- Driver Knee Airbag
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window w/Variable Intermittent Wiper and Defroster
- Hidden text
- 2 LCD Monitors In The Front
- 8947
- 8-Way Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Back-Up Camera
- Hidden text
- Cargo Shade
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Driver Control Ride Control Suspension
- Hidden text
- Engine: 2.0L I4
- Hidden text
- Front Cigar Lighter(s)
- Hidden text
- Gasoline Fuel
- 1154
- 4 Cylinder Engine
- 6038
- A/T
- Hidden text
- Auto On/Off Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps w/Delay-Off
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Colored Rub Strip/Fascia Accent and Metal-Look Bumper Insert
- Hidden text
- Clearcoat Paint
- Hidden text
- Delayed Accessory Power
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- Full Carpet Floor Covering -inc: Carpet Front And Rear Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Leatherette Door Trim Insert
- 6814
- 6-Way Passenger Seat
- 5082
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Automatic Full-Time Four-Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Concealed Diversity Antenna
- Hidden text
- Driver Adjustable Lumbar
- Hidden text
- Dual Zone Front Automatic Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Front And Rear Map Lights
- Hidden text
- GVWR: 5,180 lbs
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Aluminum Instrument Panel Insert, Aluminum Console Insert, Aluminum Interior Accents and Leatherette Upholstered Dashboard
- Hidden text
- Lumbar
- Hidden text
- 3.75 Axle Ratio
- 9749
- 80-Amp/Hr Maintenance-Free Battery
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Gear Shifter Material
- Hidden text
- Black Side Windows Trim
- Hidden text
- Cargo Space Lights
- Hidden text
- Day-Night Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror
- Hidden text
- Driver Foot Rest
- Hidden text
- FOB Controls -inc: Cargo Access and Windows
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Gauges -inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Knee Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Memory Settings -inc: Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Hidden text
- Power Folding Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Galvanized Steel/Aluminum/Composite Panels
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Premium Sound System
- Hidden text
- Rear Fog Lamps
- Hidden text
- Keyless Start
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Power Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Proximity Key For Push Button Start Only
- Hidden text
- Rear Parking Aid
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Rain Detecting Variable Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Mirror Memory
- Hidden text
- Perimeter Alarm
- Hidden text
- Power Passenger Seat
- Hidden text
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Hidden text
- Remote Releases -Inc: Power Cargo Access
- Hidden text
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror
- Hidden text
- Power Fuel Flap Locking Type
- Hidden text
- Radio w/Clock, Speed Compensated Volume Control and Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Redundant Digital Speedometer
- Hidden text
- Steel Spare Wheel
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Seat Memory
- Hidden text
- Systems Monitor
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry w/Integrated Key Transmitter, Illuminated Entry and Panic Button
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear Performance
- Hidden text
- Wheels: 19" Alloy (4) -inc: Style 4
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- Turbocharged
- Hidden text
- Tires: 19"
- Hidden text
- Tires - Front Performance
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 6345 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | appeared 2 years ago latest price $5851 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | black |
Cylinders | 4 |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 2567 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Carrollton, TX, 75006 |
Date | appeared 2 years ago latest price $2446 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Black |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 2.0 L |
Cylinders | 4 Cyl |
Drive | 4WD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- 3-Point Seat Belts
- Hidden text
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Hidden text
- CD (Single Disc)
- Hidden text
- Front Airbags (Driver)
- Hidden text
- Head Airbags
- Hidden text
- Power Locks
- Hidden text
- Power Sun/Moonroof
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Airbags
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 9696 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Twinsburg, OH, 44087 |
Date | appeared 4 years ago latest price $3955 sale post disappeared 2021-02-09 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Santorini Black |
Color (Interior) | Almond / Espresso |
Transmission | 9-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 2.0L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo |
Drive | 4WD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Hidden text
- Alloy Wheels
- Hidden text
- Dual Climate Controls
- Hidden text
- Park Assist/Back Up Camera And Monitor
- Hidden text
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Electromechanical parking brake
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Heat/Ac
- Hidden text
- Backup camera
- Hidden text
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Push Start
- Hidden text
- Power Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Hidden text
- Sunroof
- Hidden text
- All Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- USB Port
- Hidden text
- Leather Seats
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Tilt wheel
- Aluminum dash trim
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Fold forward seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- In-Dash single CD player
- Hidden text
- Power remote trunk release
- Hidden text
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Dual illuminated vanity mirrors
- Hidden text
- Glass sunroof
- Hidden text
- Memorized Settings for 3 drivers
- Hidden text
- Radio data system
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional electric power steering
- Hidden text
- Aluminum center console trim
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Dual reverse tilt mirrors
- Hidden text
- Headlight cleaners with washer
- Hidden text
- Memorized Settings including door mirror(s)
- Hidden text
- Rear bench
- Hidden text
- AM/FM/Satellite-prep Radio
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Electrochromatic rearview mirror
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Passenger Airbag
- Hidden text
- Rear fog lights
- Hidden text
- Aluminum shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Cruise control,4-wheel ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Heated passenger mirror
- Hidden text
- Power Liftgate
- Hidden text
- Rear seats center armrest
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Rear spoiler: Lip
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 11
- Hidden text
- Surround Audio
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 8
3047
Year | 2015 |
Title | Hidden text |
ODO | 9893 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Buy Now Price | $7249 |
Location | Twinsburg, OH, 44087 |
Date | ended 4 years ago |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Body Style | Sport Utility |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 2.0L I4 |
Drive | 4WD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 3824 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | ended 4 years ago sold for $5674 |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 3330 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Richardson, TX, 75080 |
Date | appeared 4 years ago latest price $3280 sale post disappeared 2019-08-02 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | Santorini Black Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Almond/Espresso |
Transmission | 9-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 4-Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 wheel drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 3913
- 80-Amp/Hr Maintenance-Free Battery
- Hidden text
- 3.75 Axle Ratio
- 3306
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Carpet Floor Trim
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Illumination
- Hidden text
- Fob Controls -inc: Trunk/Hatch/Tailgate And Windows
- Hidden text
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Aluminum Instrument Panel Insert Aluminum Console Insert Aluminum Interior Accents and Leatherette Upholstered Dashboard
- Hidden text
- Memory Settings -inc: Door Mirrors
- 2049
- 8-Way Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power w/Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w/Power Folding and Turn Signal Indicator
- Hidden text
- Delayed Accessory Power
- Hidden text
- Engine Auto Stop-Start Feature
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Power Fuel Flap Locking Type
- Hidden text
- Safety
- Hidden text
- 18.5 Gal. Fuel Tank
- Hidden text
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- 6-Way Passenger Seat
- Hidden text
- Air Filtration
- Hidden text
- 2 Seatback Storage Pockets
- Hidden text
- Black Side Windows Trim
- 8418
- HVAC -inc: Underseat Ducts Residual Heat Recirculation and Console Ducts
- Hidden text
- Front An>
- Hidden text
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Colored Rub Strip/Fascia Accent and Metal-Look Bumper Insert
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Dual Zone Front Automatic Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Clearcoat Paint
- Hidden text
- Metal-Look Grille
- Hidden text
- Interior
- Hidden text
- Permanent Locking Hubs
- Hidden text
- Galvanized Steel/Aluminum/Composite Panels
- Hidden text
- Proximity Key For Push Button Start Only
- Hidden text
- Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry w/Integrated Key Transmitter Illuminated Entry and Panic Button
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Sliding front center armrest
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Front And Rear 1-Touch Up/Down
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Rigid Cargo Cover
- Hidden text
- Steel Spare Wheel
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Rain Detecting Variable Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Gauges -inc: Speedometer Odometer Engine Coolant Temp Tachometer Trip Odometer and Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Lumbar
- Hidden text
- Perimeter/Approach Lights
- Hidden text
- Redundant Digital Speedometer
- Hidden text
- Strut Rear Suspension w/Coil Springs
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 9778 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $4081 |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | ended 4 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 5857 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Richardson, TX, 75080 |
Date | appeared 4 years ago latest price $2575 sale post disappeared 2023-07-28 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | Santorini Black Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Almond/Espresso |
Transmission | 9-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 4-Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 wheel drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 1140
- 80-Amp/Hr Maintenance-Free Battery
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Colored Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Digital/Analog Display
- Hidden text
- Engine Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Interior
- Hidden text
- 2 Seatback Storage Pockets
- 3011
- 8 Wheels w/Silver Accents
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Colored Rub Strip/Fascia Accent and Metal-Look Bumper Insert
- Hidden text
- Deep Tinted Glass
- Hidden text
- Electric Power-Assist Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Front And Rear 1-Touch Up/Down
- Hidden text
- Remote Releases -Inc: Power Cargo Access
- Hidden text
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- Hidden text
- Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- LED Brakelights
- 6729
- Lumbar
- 1573
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- 18.5 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 5635
- Perimeter/Approach Lights
- 9471
- Power Rear Windows
- Hidden text
- As Tires
- Hidden text
- Air Filtration
- Hidden text
- Side Impact Beams
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power w/Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w/Power Folding and Turn Signal Indicator
- Hidden text
- Cargo Space Lights
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins
- Hidden text
- Dual Zone Front Automatic Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Engine: 2.0L I4
- Hidden text
- Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars
- Hidden text
- Full Carpet Floor Covering -inc: Carpet Front And Rear Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- Galvanized Steel/Aluminum/Composite Panels
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Liftgate Rear Cargo Access
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Gas-Pressurized Shock Absorbers
- Hidden text
- HVAC -inc: Underseat Ducts Residual Heat Recirculation and Console Ducts
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Aluminum Instrument Panel Insert Aluminum Console Insert Aluminum Interior Accents and Leatherette Upholstered Dashboard
- Hidden text
- Lip Spoiler
- Hidden text
- Memory Settings -inc: Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Perimeter Alarm
- Hidden text
- Power Fuel Flap Locking Type
- Hidden text
- Rear Fog Lamps
- Hidden text
- Safety
- Hidden text
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 6123 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | ended 5 years ago sold for $1855 |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 5443 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $8038 |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | ended 5 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 6019 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Dallas, TX, 75228 |
Date | ended 5 years ago sold for $9877 |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder Turbo |
Drive | 4 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Model Analytics & Market Report
Depreciation
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 MSRP | 0 mi | $51,560 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2015 | 9,610 mi | $56,813 | −$5,253 | −10.19% | 110.19% | -10.19% |
2016 | 19,220 mi | $44,634 | +$12,179 | +21.44% | 86.57% | 13.43% |
2017 | 28,830 mi | $39,490 | +$5,144 | +11.52% | 76.59% | 23.41% |
2018 | 38,440 mi | $34,997 | +$4,493 | +11.38% | 67.88% | 32.12% |
2019 | 48,050 mi | $30,600 | +$4,397 | +12.56% | 59.35% | 40.65% |
→ Visit 2015 LAND ROVER RANGE ROVER EVOQUE depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
15,000 mi | $26,488 | 11 sales |
20,000 mi | $29,998 | 29 sales |
25,000 mi | $27,595 | 41 sales |
30,000 mi | $28,994 | 48 sales |
35,000 mi | $29,590 | 117 sales |
40,000 mi | $27,740 | 130 sales |
→ Visit 2015 LAND ROVER RANGE ROVER EVOQUE depreciation page to see full data. |
VIN Decoder — 31 records
A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine brake is the horsepower (hp) at the engine output shaft. Engine Brake (hp) From is the lower value of the range.
Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.
This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This field captures the location of frontal air bags. Frontal air bags are generally designed to deploy in "moderate to severe" frontal or near-frontal crashes.