Try to enter your VIN above and see what we have for you.
JF1GE74618G505562-2008-subaru-impreza-0
BADVIN vehicle history report for

2008 SUBARU IMPREZAVIN: JF1GE74618G505562

Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
We accept PayPal and Stripe. Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Historical Records
46 events
Photos
10 images
Sales History
1 records
Sale Prices
2 records
VIN Decoder
28 entries
Market report
Price analytics

Historical Records

Historical records may include service and maintenance records, title status (clean, junk, salvage), insurance records, number of owners, registration events and states, and other information.
You can find more information about historical records in BADVIN reports and see more examples here.
Available 46 historical records for VIN JF1GE74618G505562
Latest reported mileage: 321 mi
Below you can see some examples of what these records could look like.
2022-08-28
2 years ago
115,225 mi
Damage reported: minor to moderate damage
Damage to right rear
Damage to rear
2022-06-18
2 years ago
22,180 mi
Accident reported: minor damage with another motor vehicle
Damage to rear
2019-02-14
5 years ago
39,413 mi
Damage reported: very minor damage
Damage to rear

VIN Factory Options

Found 176 factory options in 46 categories

Factory Options

PAINT SCHEME
  • STANDARD PAINT
PORT INSTALLED OPTIONS
  • CENTER ARMREST EXTENSION-OFF BLACK
  • SECURITY SYSTEM SHOCK SENSOR

Vehicle Equipment

Air Bag - Frontal
  • Driver Air Bag
  • Passenger Air Bag
  • Passenger Air Bag On/Off Switch
Air Bag - Side
  • Front Head Air Bag
  • Front Side Air Bag
Air Conditioning
  • A/C
  • Climate Control
Audio
  • AM/FM Stereo
  • CD Player
  • MP3 Player
Brakes
  • 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
  • ABS
Convenience
  • Adjustable Steering Wheel
  • Cruise Control
  • Engine Immobilizer
  • Intermittent Wipers
  • Leather Steering Wheel
  • Power Outlet
  • Security System
  • Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Drivetrain
  • All Wheel Drive
Engine
  • 4 Cylinder Engine
  • Turbocharged
Floor Mats
  • Floor Mats
Fuel
  • Gasoline Fuel
Locks
  • Keyless Entry
  • Power Door Locks
Mirrors
  • Driver Vanity Mirror
  • Passenger Vanity Mirror
  • Power Mirror(s)
Safety Features
  • Brake Assist
  • Child Safety Locks
  • Daytime Running Lights
  • Stability Control
  • Traction Control
Seat Trim
  • Cloth Seats
Seats
  • Bucket Seats
  • Pass-Through Rear Seat
  • Rear Bench Seat
Steering
  • Power Steering
Tire - Front
  • Tires - Front Performance
Tire - Rear
  • Tires - Rear Performance
Transmission
  • 5-Speed M/T
  • M/T
Wheels
  • Aluminum Wheels
Window
  • Power Windows
  • Rear Defrost

Equipment Details

MECHANICAL
  • 2.5L DOHC SMPI 16-valve VVT intercooled turbo 4-cyl boxer engine
  • 4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS)
  • 4-wheel disc brakes
  • 4-wheel independent strut-type front suspension w/lower L-arm
  • 5-speed manual transmission
  • All-wheel drive
  • Brake assist
  • Double wishbone rear suspension w/upper A-arm
  • Electronic brake-force distribution (EBD)
  • Electronic throttle control (ETC)
  • Incline start assist
  • Pwr rack-and-pinion steering
  • Rear stabilizer bar
  • Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)
EXTERIOR
  • 17" x 7" 10-spoke alloy wheels
  • Body color foldable pwr mirrors
  • Body-color exterior door handles
  • Daytime running lights
  • Fog light insert covers
  • P205/50R17 all-season tires
  • Variable intermittent windshield wipers w/washers
INTERIOR
  • 60/40 split fold-down rear seatback w/headrests for all seating positions
  • Ambient temp gauge
  • Automatic climate control
  • Auxiliary power outlet
  • Average fuel consumption indicator
  • Bottle holder in front/rear door storage pocket
  • Cruise control
  • Dome light w/off-delay feature
  • Dual cup holder in center console
  • Dual mode digital trip odometer
  • Dual visor vanity mirrors w/sliding cover
  • Electroluminescent gauges
  • Engine immobilizer
  • Front passenger seatback pocket
  • Illuminated ignition switch ring
  • Leather-wrapped shifter
  • Leather-wrapped steering wheel
  • Performance design front bucket seats
  • Pre-wired for security system
  • Pwr windows w/driver-side auto-down feature
  • Rear window defogger
  • Tilt & telescopic steering column
  • Woven cloth upholstery
SAFETY
  • 3-point height-adjustable front seatbelts w/pretensioners & force limiters
  • 3-point rear seatbelts
  • 5-mph impact-absorbing bumpers
  • Passenger Air Bag On/Off Switch
  • Rear child safety locks
  • Rear LATCH child safety seat anchors
  • Side curtain airbags
  • Subaru Advanced Frontal Airbag System-inc: driver & front passenger airbags
ENTERTAINMENT
  • 80-watt AM/FM stereo w/CD player-inc: (4) speakers
  • MP3/WMA capability
  • Pre-wired for XM/Sirius satellite radio

Chassis

Brakes
  • Brake ABS System - 4-Channel
  • Brake Type - Pwr
  • Disc - Front (Yes or ) - Yes
  • Disc - Rear (Yes or ) - Yes
  • Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 11.5 x 0.94 in
  • Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 11.3 x 0.71 in
Fuel Tank
  • Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx - 16.9 gal
Steering
  • Lock to Lock Turns (Steering) - 2.7
  • Steering Ratio (:1), Overall - 15.0
  • Steering Type - Pwr Rack & Pinion
  • Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb - 35.4 ft
Suspension
  • Suspension Type - Front - Independent Strut
  • Suspension Type - Front (Cont.) - w/Lower L-Arm
  • Suspension Type - Rear - Double wishbone
  • Suspension Type - Rear (Cont.) - w/Upper A-Arm
Tires
  • Front Tire Size - P205/50R17
  • Rear Tire Size - P205/50R17
  • Spare Tire Size - T125/70D17
Trailering
  • Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 200 lbs
  • Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 2000 lbs
  • Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 200 lbs
  • Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 2000 lbs
Weight Information
  • Base Curb Weight - 3142 lbs
Wheels
  • Front Wheel Material - Alloy
  • Front Wheel Size - 17 x 7 in
  • Rear Wheel Material - Alloy
  • Rear Wheel Size - 17 x 7 in
  • Spare Wheel Size - 17 x - TBD - in

Dimensions

Cargo Area Dimensions
  • Trunk Volume - 11.0 ft³
Exterior Dimensions
  • Height, Overall - 58.1 in
  • Length, Overall - 180.3 in
  • Liftover Height - 27.4 in
  • Min Ground Clearance - 6.1 in
  • Track Width, Front - 58.5 in
  • Track Width, Rear - 58.1 in
  • Wheelbase - 103.1 in
  • Width, Max w/o mirrors - 68.5 in
Interior Dimensions
  • Front Head Room - 38.6 in
  • Front Hip Room - 53.3 in
  • Front Leg Room - 42.9 in
  • Front Shoulder Room - 52.7 in
  • Passenger Capacity - 5
  • Passenger Volume - 87.6 ft³
  • Second Head Room - 36.7 in
  • Second Hip Room - 51.9 in
  • Second Leg Room - 33.0 in
  • Second Shoulder Room - 52.9 in

Powertrain

Cooling System
  • Total Cooling System Capacity - 8.1 qts
Electrical
  • Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (Primary) - 356
  • Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps) - 110
Engine
  • Displacement - 2.5L/150
  • Engine Type - Turbo Gas 4-Cyl
  • Fuel System - MFI
  • SAE Net Horsepower @ RPM - 224 @ 5200
  • SAE Net Torque @ RPM - 226 @ 2800
Mileage
  • EPA Fuel Economy Est - City - 19 MPG
  • EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy - 24 MPG
Transmission
  • Drivetrain - All Wheel Drive
  • Fifth Gear Ratio (:1) - 0.74
  • Final Drive Axle Ratio (:1) - 3.70
  • First Gear Ratio (:1) - 3.45
  • Fourth Gear Ratio (:1) - 0.97
  • Reverse Ratio (:1) - 3.33
  • Second Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.95
  • Third Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.37
  • Trans Description Cont. - Manual
  • Trans Type - 5

Summary

Summary
  • Body Style - 4 Door Sedan
  • Vehicle Name - Subaru Impreza Sedan (Natl)

Vehicle

Vehicle
  • Country of Origin - Japan Subaru Passenger Car
  • EPA Classification - Sub-Compact

Sale Record

Sale Date
5 years ago
Sold For
Odometer
6655 mi
Location
Seattle, WA, 98108
Has Keys:Hidden text
Engine Starts:Hidden text
Run & Drive:Hidden text
Year2008
TitleHidden text
ODO 4373 mi (Hidden text)
LossHidden text
DamageHidden text
Estimated Retail Value$8538
Estimated Repair Cost$9751 (966%)
SellerHidden text
LocationSeattle, WA, 98108
Date
ended 5 years ago
sold for $5638
Sale Website Typesalvage or insurance auction
sale information provided by user #69670
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.

Tech Specs
ColorBlack
Engine2.5L H4 FI DOHC 16V F4
Cylinders4 Cyl
DriveAll-Wheel Drive
Fuel TypeGasoline

Model Analytics & Market Report

We've analyzed more than 9,200 sales records of this model and here are some numbers.
The average price for new (MSRP) 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA in 2008 was $21,995.
The average price for used 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA nowadays in 2024 is $7,995 which is 36% from the original price.
Estimated mileage driven per year is 9,805 miles.
For this model we also have depreciation curve, photos, list of features and options, and other analytics.
Take a look at 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA model page in BADVIN vehicles catalog.

Depreciation

The graph below is a depreciation curve for 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA. It shows how much this model looses per year in price. This analytics is calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA in each year since the year of manufacturing, current year price and projected price in the future years.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
YearAverage MileageAverage Price% Left% Lost
2008 MSRP0 mi$21,995100%0%
20089,805 mi$25,109−$3,114−14.16%114.16%-14.16%
200919,610 mi$23,000+$2,109+8.4%104.57%-4.57%
201029,415 mi$21,899+$1,101+4.79%99.56%0.44%
201139,220 mi$20,921+$978+4.47%95.12%4.88%
201249,025 mi$19,878+$1,043+4.99%90.38%9.62%
→ Visit 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA depreciation page to see full data.

Price vs Mileage

The graph below shows how mileage affects the price for 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA. This data was calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA by mileage and number of sales.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
MileageAverage PriceSample Size
30,000 mi$12,45018 sales
35,000 mi$12,90019 sales
40,000 mi$22,99029 sales
45,000 mi$11,49520 sales
50,000 mi$11,78835 sales
55,000 mi$10,99545 sales
→ Visit 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA depreciation page to see full data.

VIN Decoder — 28 records

Active Safety System
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Type

A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.

Direct
Engine
Displacement (CC)

Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

2500.0
Displacement (CI)

Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

152.55936023683
Displacement (L)

Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

2.5
Turbo

Turbo is a yes/no field to identify whether the engine is turbo-charged or not.

Yes
Exterior / Body
Body Class

Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.

Sedan/Saloon
Doors

This is a numerical field to store the number of doors on a vehicle.

4
Exterior / Dimension
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating From

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Class 1: 6,000 lb or less (2,722 kg or less)
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating To

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the higher bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Class 1: 6,000 lb or less (2,722 kg or less)
General
Make

Per 49 CFR 565, Make is a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines.

SUBARU
Manufacturer Name
Name of the vehicle manufacturer.
SUBARU CORPORATION
Model

Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.

Impreza
Model Year

If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.

2008
Plant City

This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

OTA
Plant Company Name

This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

FHI (Yajima Plant )
Plant Country

This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

JAPAN
Plant State

This data element captures the State or Province name within the Plant Country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

GUNMA
Trim

Trim levels further identify a vehicle by a particular set of special features. Higher trim levels either will add to the features of the base (entry-level model), or replace them with something else.

WRX
Vehicle Type

This field defines the type of the vehicle based on the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI).

PASSENGER CAR
Internal
NCSA Body Type

An internal NHTSA field to capture the body type of the vehicle.

4-door sedan, hardtop
NCSA Make

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Make of the vehicle.

Subaru
NCSA Model

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Model of the vehicle.

Impreza
Mechanical / Drivetrain
Drive Type

Drive type stores information about vehicle drivetrain configuration. The most common drive types for passenger cars, crossover vehicles, and pickup trucks are front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), all-wheel drive (AWD), and 4-wheel drive (4WD).

AWD/All-Wheel Drive
Mechanical / Transmission
Transmission Speeds

Transmission speed is a numerical field to capture the number of speeds for a transmission, such as 6 for a six-speed automatic or manual transmission.

5
Transmission Style

Transmission style provides information about the type of transmissions. The major types of transmissions are manual transmission, automatic transmission, continuously variable transmission (CVT), and dual-clutch transmission (DCT).

Manual/Standard
Passive Safety System
Seat Belt Type

This field describes the type of seat belt, such as manual or automatic. Automatic seat belts automatically close over riders in a vehicle. Automatic seat belts were mainly used in some older model GM, Nissan, and Honda vehicles and are rarely seen now.

Manual
Passive Safety System / Air Bag Location
Front Air Bag Locations

This field captures the location of frontal air bags. Frontal air bags are generally designed to deploy in "moderate to severe" frontal or near-frontal crashes.

1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
Side Air Bag Locations

This field captures the location of side air bags, typically designed for three areas of added protection: chest/torso, head, or both.

1st Row (Driver and Passenger)
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
We accept PayPal and Stripe. Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.

Testimonials from our customers

As a broke college kid I almost settled for a sketchy 2005 Altima cuz it was cheap. but splurged on the report from badvin 1st. soooo glad I did - turned out it had been totalled and rebuilt. spending a little saved me from wasting $1000s!
As a car dealer importing vehicles from the US to Mexico, I rely on badvin for comprehensive history reports before bidding at auctions. Their info has helped me avoid several salvage vehicles and is more thorough than carfax. A must-have service!
Report showed a car I was considering had a prior salvage title from a major accident, even though carfax listed it as clean. Messaged seller asking about it and they made shady excuses. Def avoided a scam thanks to badvin!
Was shopping for a used Range Rover and found one that seemed suspiciously cheap. The badVIN report revealed it had been in a major front end collision, with photos showing the damage. Steered clear of that one and saved myself a ton of headaches!!
Compare to other 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA
JF1GG67545H813916-2005-subaru-impreza
2005 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 5 days, 1 mi
est retail value $1,050
VIN JF1GG67545H813916
JF1GPAA62GG301492-2016-subaru-impreza
2016 SUBARU IMPREZA
a month ago, 28,917 mi
est retail value $16,060
VIN JF1GPAA62GG301492
JF1GJAC60FH013249-2015-subaru-impreza
2015 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 5 days, 86,756 mi
est retail value $12,476
VIN JF1GJAC60FH013249
4S3GTAV68L3725244-2020-subaru-impreza
2020 SUBARU IMPREZA
a month ago, 59,819 mi
est retail value $16,976
VIN 4S3GTAV68L3725244
JF1GPAR60CH224209-2012-subaru-impreza
2012 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 4 days, 185,276 mi
VIN JF1GPAR60CH224209
4S3GTAA63L1723712-2020-subaru-impreza
2020 SUBARU IMPREZA
3 hours ago, 1 mi
est retail value $17,789
VIN 4S3GTAA63L1723712
JF1GH60669H805620-2009-subaru-impreza
2009 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 3 days, 46,425 mi
est retail value $8,442
buy now price $1,650
VIN JF1GH60669H805620
JF1GH61699H818506-2009-subaru-impreza
2009 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 3 days, 175,483 mi
est retail value $2,375
VIN JF1GH61699H818506
4S3GKAD63P3604437-2023-subaru-impreza
2023 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 3 days, 4,920 mi
est retail value $25,959
buy now price $9,825
VIN 4S3GKAD63P3604437
JF1GPAA61CG208411-2012-subaru-impreza
2012 SUBARU IMPREZA
3 hours ago, 150,566 mi
est retail value $6,063
VIN JF1GPAA61CG208411
JF1GPAR61E8219975-2014-subaru-impreza
2014 SUBARU IMPREZA
25 days ago, 65,274 mi
est retail value $12,578
VIN JF1GPAR61E8219975
JF1GJAC63EH017469-2014-subaru-impreza
2014 SUBARU IMPREZA
in 3 days, 160,883 mi
est retail value $7,393
VIN JF1GJAC63EH017469
Other vehicles sales records
KNADM4A36D6113375-2013-kia-rio
2013 KIA RIO
in 5 days, 163,206 mi
est retail value $3,715
VIN KNADM4A36D6113375
KNDJT2A2XB7307225-2011-kia-soul
2011 KIA SOUL
an hour ago, 232,563 mi
est retail value $4,395
VIN KNDJT2A2XB7307225
1C6RR7GT3DS714292-2013-ram-1500
2013 RAM 1500
54 years ago, 126,322 mi
est retail value $16,968
VIN 1C6RR7GT3DS714292
1FADP3F25FL238852-2015-ford-focus
2015 FORD FOCUS
54 years ago, 50,699 mi
VIN 1FADP3F25FL238852
KMHDH4AE5DU798601-2013-hyundai-elantra-limited
2013 HYUNDAI ELANTRA LIMITED
3 hours ago, 129,913 mi
est retail value $3,150
VIN KMHDH4AE5DU798601
WBAPK5G51BNN25465-2011-bmw-328i-xdrive
2011 BMW 328I XDRIVE
an hour ago, 74,992 mi
est retail value $10,284
VIN WBAPK5G51BNN25465
YV1LW61J5Y2668988-2000-volvo-v70
2000 VOLVO V70
3 hours ago, 204,466 mi
est retail value $500
VIN YV1LW61J5Y2668988
2T1BU4EE8AC447577-2010-toyota-corolla
2010 TOYOTA COROLLA
54 years ago, 149,199 mi
est retail value $6,664
VIN 2T1BU4EE8AC447577
JTHBF30G220080618-2002-lexus-es-300
2002 LEXUS ES 300
in 5 days, 192,202 mi
est retail value $4,540
VIN JTHBF30G220080618
KMHD74LF4HU409901-2017-hyundai-elantra
2017 HYUNDAI ELANTRA
in 11 days, 129,356 mi
est retail value $9,275
buy now price $2,150
VIN KMHD74LF4HU409901
WAUB1GFF4J1012560-2018-audi-s3
2018 AUDI S3
3 hours ago, 54,629 mi
est retail value $33,305
VIN WAUB1GFF4J1012560
KNAFE121785508498-2008-kia-spectra
2008 KIA SPECTRA
in a month, 148,827 mi
est retail value $1,550
VIN KNAFE121785508498
Frequently asked questions
Our reports may detail the geographic history of the 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA, showing all the states or provinces it has been registered in, if such information is available.
The parts content information on a window sticker shows the percentage of vehicle components sourced from specific countries, important for consumers interested in the origin of their vehicle's parts.
Repossession records, if included, indicate if the 2008 SUBARU vehicle has been taken back by a lender due to payment defaults, which might affect its condition and value.
Rebuild records, if available, show the extent of reconstruction after significant damage, important for assessing the current condition of the 2008 SUBARU IMPREZA.
Our reports may indicate the type of use for each vehicle, including whether the 2008 SUBARU was primarily used as a personal, rental, or commercial vehicle, based on available data.
Regularly checking your vehicle's VIN for updated information, such as recall or service updates, is advisable, especially after announcements of new safety issues.
The best time of year to sell your car to minimize depreciation might be just before the release of a new model, when demand for used models could be higher.
A used car might not have a window sticker because it is only legally required on new vehicles; once the vehicle is sold initially, the label might be removed or lost.
The vehicle history report may include a section on theft history, showing if the vehicle was ever reported stolen, depending on the records available.
The information on vehicles provided here is supplied by third parties; BADVIN.ORG is not responsible for the accuracy of any information. BADVIN.ORG provides all service and materials without representations or warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Use BADVIN search and reports along with certified vehicle inspection and test drive. See Terms of Use for more details. All other logos, brands and designated trademarks are the property of their respective holders.