BADVIN vehicle history report for
2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHEVIN: 3GNEC12J38G145962
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
⭐ Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Historical Records
events
Photos
10 images
Sales History
1 records
VIN Decoder
27 entries
Market report
Price analytics
Historical Records
Historical records may include service and maintenance records, title status (clean, junk, salvage), insurance records, number of owners, registration events and states, and other information.
You can find more information about historical records in BADVIN reports and see more examples here.
Available historical records for VIN 3GNEC12J38G145962
Latest reported mileage: 180 mi
Below you can see some examples of what these records could look like.
2023-10-04
9 months ago
43,924 mi
TOTAL LOSS VEHICLE
Vehicle declared a total loss by an insurance company
Collision damage reported
Vehicle declared a total loss by an insurance company
Collision damage reported
2022-03-30
2 years ago
8,755 mi
Accident reported
Vehicle involved in a sideswipe collision with another motor vehicle
Airbag deployed
Vehicle involved in a sideswipe collision with another motor vehicle
Airbag deployed
2020-11-02
4 years ago
43,728 mi
Passed emissions inspection
VIN Factory Options
Found 260 factory options in 64 categories
Factory Options
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
- LUGGAGE RACK CENTER RAILS, ROOF-MOUNTED, BLACK
- REARVIEW CAMERA SYSTEM
- SUNROOF, POWER, TILT-SLIDING; with express-open and wind deflector
AXLE
- REAR AXLE, 3.73 RATIO
EMISSIONS
- EMISSIONS, FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
ENGINE
- ENGINE, VORTEC 5.3L V8 SFI WITH ACTIVE FUEL MANAGEMENT; (320 hp [238.6 kW] @ 5200 rpm, 340 lb-ft of torque [459.0 N-m] @ 4200 rpm), iron block
- 8 Cylinder Engine
PAINT
- BLACK
PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP
- LTZ PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP; Includes Standard Equipment
RADIO
- AUDIO SYSTEM WITH NAVIGATION, AM/FM STEREO WITH MP3 COMPATIBLE CD PLAYER AND DVD-BASED NAVIGATION; auxiliary input jack, seek-and-scan, digital clock, auto-tone control, Radio Data System (RDS), speed-compensated volume, TheftLock and voice recognition, plays CD only in upper slot
SEAT TRIM
- EBONY, CUSTOM LEATHER-APPOINTED
- Leather Seats
SEAT TYPE
- SEATS, FRONT BUCKET WITH LEATHER-APPOINTED SEATING; (AG1) 10-way power driver and (AG2) front passenger seat adjusters, power lumbar control, heated seat cushion and seatbacks, 2-position driver memory, adjustable head restraints, storage pockets and floor console
SUSPENSION PKG
- SUSPENSION PACKAGE, AUTORIDE, BI-STATE VARIABLE SHOCK DAMPENING AND REAR AIR-ASSISTED LOAD-LEVELING; includes (G69) Level control, auto air
TRANSMISSION
- TRANSMISSION, 4-SPEED AUTOMATIC, ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED WITH OVERDRIVE AND TOW/HAUL MODE
- 4-Speed A/T
- A/T
- Transmission Overdrive Switch
WHEELS
- WHEELS, 4 - 20" X 8.5" (50.8 CM X 21.6 CM) POLISHED ALUMINUM
- Aluminum Wheels
Vehicle Equipment
Air Bag - Frontal
- Driver Air Bag
- Passenger Air Bag
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
Air Bag - Side
- Front Head Air Bag
- Rear Head Air Bag
Air Conditioning
- A/C
- Climate Control
- Multi-Zone A/C
Audio
- AM/FM Stereo
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- CD Changer
- CD Player
- MP3 Player
- Premium Sound System
- Rear Seat Audio Controls
- Satellite Radio
Brakes
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- ABS
Convenience
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Automatic Headlights
- Back-Up Camera
- Cargo Shade
- Cruise Control
- Engine Immobilizer
- Fog Lamps
- Front Reading Lamps
- Intermittent Wipers
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Luggage Rack
- Navigation from Telematics
- Navigation System
- Power Outlet
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Parking Aid
- Rear Reading Lamps
- Remote Engine Start
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Telematics
- Universal Garage Door Opener
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Décor
- Woodgrain Interior Trim
Differential
- Locking/Limited Slip Differential
Drivetrain
- Rear Wheel Drive
Engine
- ENGINE, VORTEC 5.3L V8 SFI WITH ACTIVE FUEL MANAGEMENT; (320 hp [238.6 kW] @ 5200 rpm, 340 lb-ft of torque [459.0 N-m] @ 4200 rpm), iron block
- 8 Cylinder Engine
Floor Mats
- Floor Mats
Fuel
- Gasoline Fuel
Locks
- Keyless Entry
- Power Door Locks
Mirrors
- Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror
- Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Heated Mirrors
- Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- Power Folding Mirrors
- Power Mirror(s)
Roof
- Generic Sun/Moonroof
- Sun/Moonroof
Running Boards
- Running Boards/Side Steps
Safety Features
- Adjustable Pedals
- Daytime Running Lights
- Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors
- Stability Control
- Traction Control
Seat Trim
- EBONY, CUSTOM LEATHER-APPOINTED
- Leather Seats
Seats
- Bucket Seats
- Driver Adjustable Lumbar
- Heated Front Seat(s)
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Passenger Adjustable Lumbar
- Power Driver Seat
- Rear Bench Seat
- Seat Memory
Steering
- Power Steering
Suspension
- Air Suspension
Tire - Front
- Tires - Front Performance
Tire - Rear
- Tires - Rear Performance
Tire - Spare
- Conventional Spare Tire
Tires
- Tire Pressure Monitor
Trailering
- Tow Hitch
Transmission
- TRANSMISSION, 4-SPEED AUTOMATIC, ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED WITH OVERDRIVE AND TOW/HAUL MODE
- 4-Speed A/T
- A/T
- Transmission Overdrive Switch
Wheels
- WHEELS, 4 - 20" X 8.5" (50.8 CM X 21.6 CM) POLISHED ALUMINUM
- Aluminum Wheels
Window
- Power Windows
- Privacy Glass
- Rear Defrost
Equipment Details
MECHANICAL
- Alternator, 145 amps
- Battery, heavy-duty 600 cold-cranking amps, maintenance-free with rundown protection and retained accessory power
- Brakes, 4-wheel antilock, 4-wheel disc
- Differential, heavy-duty locking rear
- Engine, Vortec 5.3L V8 SFI with Active Fuel Management (320 hp [238.6 kW] @ 5200 rpm, 340 lb-ft of torque [459.0 N-m] @ 4200 rpm), iron block (Standard with CC10936 Models only)
- GVWR, 7000 lbs. (3175 kg) (Requires CC10936 models.)
- Key, single, 2-sided
- Pedals, power-adjustable for accelerator and brake
- Rear axle, 3.73 ratio
- Rear wheel drive
- StabiliTrak, stability control system with Proactive Roll Avoidance
- Steering, power
- Suspension, front coil-over-shock with stabilizer bar
- Suspension, rear multi-link with coil springs
- Tire carrier, lockable outside spare, winch-type mounted under frame at rear
- Tire, spare P265/70R17
- Trailering equipment, heavy-duty, includes trailering hitch platform, 7-wire harness with independent fused trailering circuits mated to a 7-way sealed connector, and (VR4) 2" trailering receiver
- Wheel, 17" (43.2 cm) full-size,steel spare (Standard with 2WD Models. Standard on 4x4 models with (LC9) Vortec 5.3L V8 SFI FlexFuel engine only)
EXTERIOR
- Cargo cover, rear rigid, 3-piece composite, stowable onboard
- Door handles, Chrome
- Fascia, front color-keyed
- Fascia, rear color-keyed
- Fog lamps, front, halogen
- Glass, Solar-Ray deep tinted (all windows except light tinted glass on windshield, driver and front passenger)
- Grille insert, bright chrome
- Midgate, foldable door between cargo box and cab, with a removable and stowable rear window
- Mirrors, outside heated power-adjustable, power-folding and driver-side auto-dimming, color-keyed with integrated turn signal indicators, ground illumination and curb-tilt (Mirror caps are bright chrome)
- Moldings, bodyside, color-keyed Moldings are chrome-accented when (STX) White Diamond Edition is ordered)
- Pickup box mat, Black rubber
- Storage box, integrated top box with locks and lights
- Windshield washer fluid system, heated
- Wipers, front intermittent, Rainsense
INTERIOR
- Air conditioning, dual-zone automatic climate control with individual climate settings for driver and right-front passenger. Includes rear air conditioning outlets in center console when bucket seats are ordered
- Assist handles, front passenger and rear outboard
- Defogger, rear-window electric
- Floor covering, color-keyed carpeting with (B58) carpeted floor mats
- Headliner, cloth
- Instrumentation, analog with speedometer, fuel level, voltmeter, engine temperature, oil pressure and tachometer
- Lighting, interior with dome lamp, driver-and passenger-side door switch with delayed entry feature, cargo light, door handle or Remote Keyless Entry-activated illuminated entry and map lights in front and second seat positions
- LTZ Plus Sales Package
- Mirror, inside rearview auto-dimming with 8-point compass and outside temperature display
- Seats, rear 60/40 split-bench, 3-passenger, flip and fold with child seat top tether anchor
- Steering column, Tilt-Wheel, adjustable with brake/transmission shift interlock
- Steering wheel, leather-wrapped
- Theft-deterrent system, PASS-Key III
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (does not apply to spare tire)
- Universal Home Remote includes garage door opener, programmable
- Visors, driver and front passenger and illuminated vanity mirrors, padded with cloth trim, extends on rod
- Warning tones, headlamp on, key-in-ignition, driver and right front passenger safety belt unfasten and turn signal on
- Windows, power with driver and front passenger Express-Down and lockout features
- XM Satellite Radio. With a wide variety of programming, XM has something to excite any driver. Whether you want to be entertained or informed, to laugh, think, or sing, XM has the perfect channel for you coast-to-coast, and in digital-quality sound. 3 tri
SAFETY
- Air bags, dual-stage frontal, driver and right-front passenger with Passenger Sensing System (right-front passenger air bag status on overhead console) (Always use safety belts and the correct child restraints for your child's age and size. Even in vehi
- Air bags, head curtain side-impact, front and rear outboard seating positions with rollover sensor (Head curtain side air bags are designed to help reduce the risk of head and neck injuries to front and rear seat occupants on the near side of certain side
- LATCH system (Lower Anchors and Top tethers for CHildren), for child safety seats
- Rear Parking Assist, Ultrasonic with rearview LED display and audible warning
- Safety belts, 3-point, driver and front passenger and second row all seating positions, center seating position in first row is lap only
ENTERTAINMENT
- Audio system feature, Bose premium 7-speaker system with subwoofer in center console
Chassis
Brakes
- Brake ABS System - 4-Wheel
- Brake Type - Pwr
- Disc - Front (Yes or ) - Yes
- Disc - Rear (Yes or ) - Yes
- Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 13 x 1.18 in
- Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 13.5 x .78 in
Frame
- Frame Type - Body on
Fuel Tank
- Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx - 31 gal
- Fuel Tank Location - Inboard LH Frame Rail
Steering
- Steering Ratio (:1), At Lock - 3.0
- Steering Ratio (:1), On Center - 17.75
- Steering Type - Pwr
- Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb - 43.0 ft
Suspension
- Axle Capacity - Front - 3400 lbs
- Axle Capacity - Rear - 4000 lbs
- Axle Ratio (:1) - Rear - 3.73
- Axle Type - Front - Independent
- Axle Type - Rear - Semi-Floating
- Shock Absorber Diameter - Front - 1.81 mm
- Shock Absorber Diameter - Rear - 1.81 mm
- Spring Capacity - Front - 3400 lbs
- Spring Capacity - Rear - 4000 lbs
- Stabilizer Bar Diameter - Front - 1.42 in
- Stabilizer Bar Diameter - Rear - 1.12 in
- Suspension Type - Front - Coil Over Shock
- Suspension Type - Rear - Rear Air Assisted
Tires
- Front Tire Order Code - QSS
- Front Tire Size - P275/55R20
- Rear Tire Order Code - QSS
- Rear Tire Size - P275/55R20
- Spare Tire Order Code - ZRS
- Spare Tire Size - P265/70R17
Trailering
- Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 600 lbs
- Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 5000 lbs
- Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 1080 lbs
- Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 7200 lbs
Weight Information
- Curb Weight - Front - 2824 lbs
- Curb Weight - Rear - 2656 lbs
- Gross Axle Wt Rating - Front - 3400 lbs
- Gross Axle Wt Rating - Rear - 4100 lbs
- Gross Combined Wt Rating - 13000 lbs
- Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Cap - 7000 lbs
Wheels
- Front Wheel Material - Aluminum
- Front Wheel Size - 20 x 8.5 in
- Rear Wheel Material - Aluminum
- Rear Wheel Size - 20 x 8.5 in
- Spare Wheel Material - Steel
- Spare Wheel Size - 17 in
Dimensions
Cargo Area Dimensions
- Cargo Box (Area) Height - 22.5 in
- Cargo Box Length @ Floor - 63.0 Min, 98.2 Max in
- Cargo Box Width @ Floor - 50.0 in
- Cargo Box Width @ Top, Rear - 50.0 in
- Cargo Box Width @ Wheelhousings - 50.0 in
- Cargo Volume - 45.5 ft³
Exterior Dimensions
- Ground to Top of Load Floor - 31.0 in
- Height, Overall - 76.6 in
- Length, Overall w/o rear bumper - 221.3 in
- Overhang, Front - 38.8 in
- Overhang, Rear w/o bumper - 52.9 in
- Wheelbase - 130.0 in
- Width, Max w/o mirrors - 79.1 in
Interior Dimensions
- Front Head Room - 41.1 in
- Front Hip Room - 64.4 in
- Front Leg Room - 41.3 in
- Front Shoulder Room - 65.3 in
- Passenger Capacity - 5
- Second Head Room - 40.0 in
- Second Hip Room - 62.3 in
- Second Leg Room - 39.1 in
- Second Shoulder Room - 65.2 in
Powertrain
Cooling System
- Total Cooling System Capacity - 16.8 qts
Electrical
- Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (Primary) - 600
- Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps) - 145
Engine
- Displacement - 5.3L/325
- Engine Order Code - LY5
- Engine Type - Gas V8
- Fuel System - SFI
- SAE Net Horsepower @ RPM - 320 @ 5200
- SAE Net Torque @ RPM - 340 @ 4200
Mileage
- EPA Fuel Economy Est - City - 14 MPG
- EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy - 20 MPG
Transmission
- Drivetrain - Rear Wheel Drive
- First Gear Ratio (:1) - 3.06
- Fourth Gear Ratio (:1) - 0.70
- Reverse Ratio (:1) - 2.29
- Second Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.63
- Third Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.00
- Trans Description Cont. - Automatic w/OD
- Trans Order Code - M30
- Trans Type - 4
Summary
Summary
- Body Style - 4 Door Crew Cab
- Vehicle Name - Chevrolet Avalanche
Sale Record
| Year | 2008 |
| Title | Hidden text |
| ODO | 8177 mi (Hidden text) |
| Loss | Hidden text |
| Damage | Hidden text |
| Estimated Retail Value | $3735 |
| Seller | Hidden text |
| Location | Savannah, GA, 31406 |
| Date | ended 5 years ago |
| Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
sale information provided by user #1019682
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
| Color | Orange, Black |
| Transmission | Automatic Transmission |
| Engine | 5.3L V8 FI F |
| Cylinders | 8 Cylinders |
| Drive | Rear Wheel Drive |
| Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Model Analytics & Market Report
We've analyzed more than 9,900 sales records of this model and here are some numbers.
The average price for new (MSRP) 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE in 2008 was $17,995.
The average price for used 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE nowadays in 2024 is $11,999 which is 67% from the original price.
Estimated mileage driven per year is 11,189 miles.
For this model we also have depreciation curve, photos, list of features and options, and other analytics.
Take a look at 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE model page in BADVIN vehicles catalog.
Depreciation
The graph below is a depreciation curve for 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE. It shows how much this model looses per year in price. This analytics is calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE in each year since the year of manufacturing, current year price and projected price in the future years.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
| Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 MSRP | 0 mi | $17,995 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
| → Visit 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE depreciation page to see full data. | ||||||
Price vs Mileage
The graph below shows how mileage affects the price for 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE. This data was calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE by mileage and number of sales.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
| Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
|---|---|---|
| 55,000 mi | $20,912 | 11 sales |
| 60,000 mi | $19,950 | 25 sales |
| 65,000 mi | $19,900 | 36 sales |
| 70,000 mi | $17,999 | 25 sales |
| 75,000 mi | $17,990 | 58 sales |
| 80,000 mi | $17,990 | 61 sales |
| → Visit 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE depreciation page to see full data. | ||
VIN Decoder — 27 records
Engine
Displacement (CC)
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
5300.0
Displacement (CI)
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
323.42584370208
Displacement (L)
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
5.3
Engine Configuration
Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.
V-Shaped
Engine Number of Cylinders
This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.
8
Exterior / Body
Body Class
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Sport Utility Truck (SUT)
Exterior / Dimension
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating From
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Class 2E: 6,001 - 7,000 lb (2,722 - 3,175 kg)
General
CHEVROLET
Model
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
Avalanche
Model Year
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
2008
Plant City
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
SILAO
Plant Company Name
This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
GMNA
Plant Country
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
MEXICO
Series
Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.
1/2 Ton
Internal
Mechanical / Brake
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
⭐ Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Testimonials from our customers
As a broke college kid I almost settled for a sketchy 2005 Altima cuz it was cheap. but splurged on the report from badvin 1st. soooo glad I did - turned out it had been totalled and rebuilt. spending a little saved me from wasting $1000s!
Sophie
verified on Trustpilot
I almost bought a 2019 Malibu that seemed like a great deal - low miles and price. But the badvin report showed it used to be a rental fleet vehicle, which the seller didn't disclose. Glad I found out before buying someone else's abused rental!
Benjamin Torres
verified on Trustpilot
Was shopping for a used Range Rover and found one that seemed suspiciously cheap. The badVIN report revealed it had been in a major front end collision, with photos showing the damage. Steered clear of that one and saved myself a ton of headaches!!
Ava Patel
verified on Trustpilot
I almost bought a used Honda but luckily checked the BadVin report first. Turned out it had a salvage title from flood damage that the seller didn't disclose. Phew, dodged a huge issue!
Emily Turner
verified on Trustpilot
Compare to other 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE
2004 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE
in a month, 223,888 mi
est retail value $4,934
buy now price $500
VIN 3GNEK12T84G305252
Other vehicles sales records
2013 DODGE CHARGER
in 3 days, 187,862 mi
est retail value $435
buy now price $2,550
VIN 2C3CDXCTXDH716880
2013 BUICK LACROSSE
in 3 days, 121,012 mi
est retail value $4,700
buy now price $1,100
VIN 1G4GF5E37DF189001
Frequently asked questions
A lemon title, if issued, indicates repeated, unfixable issues, significantly affecting the usability and resale value of the 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE, if such a title is applied.
The VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) is a unique code for identifying a specific vehicle. It can reveal the 2008 CHEVROLET car's manufacturer, model year, and place of assembly, depending on the data encoded.
Title history from NMVTIS may provide current and historical state DMV title data, offering insights into the 2008 CHEVROLET vehicle’s title status over time, depending on data completeness.
Warranty returns, if documented, are detailed with reasons for returns and repairs made, providing insight into past issues with the 2008 CHEVROLET vehicle.
Window stickers for luxury 2008 CHEVROLET models often include unique information such as high-end options, advanced technological features, and premium materials, reflecting the upscale positioning of these vehicles.
Test vehicle status, if reported, reveals use in trials or development, which may involve experimental features and adjustments in the 2008 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE.
A VIN decoder translates the 17-character Vehicle Identification Number into understandable information about the vehicle's specifications and history.
A VIN decoder is generally reliable for confirming the transmission type, as this information is encoded within the VIN by most manufacturers.
To verify that a VIN has not been tampered with, check for inconsistencies in the VIN's font, alignment, and location, and compare the VIN displayed in various parts of the vehicle with that on the official documents.
You can track the depreciation of your car by monitoring market trends, checking online valuation tools, and staying informed about new model releases.
