Try to enter your VIN above and see what we have for you.
1GCGG25V431186327-2003-chevrolet-express-g2500-0
BADVIN vehicle history report for

2003 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G2500VIN: 1GCGG25V431186327

Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
We accept PayPal and Stripe. Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Historical Records
events
Photos
10 images
Sales History
1 records
Sale Prices
2 records
VIN Decoder
25 entries

Historical Records

Historical records may include service and maintenance records, title status (clean, junk, salvage), insurance records, number of owners, registration events and states, and other information.
You can find more information about historical records in BADVIN reports and see more examples here.
Available historical records for VIN 1GCGG25V431186327
Latest reported mileage: 314 mi
Below you can see some examples of what these records could look like.
2022-08-21
2 years ago
57,995 mi
Fire damage reported: minor damage
Vandalism damage reported
Damage to front
2022-06-12
2 years ago
19,536 mi
NOT ACTUAL MILEAGE TITLE ISSUED
Titled or registered as lease vehicle
2020-04-04
4 years ago
46,879 mi
Accident reported: minor damage with another motor vehicle
Damage to rear

VIN Factory Options

Found 182 factory options in 59 categories

Factory Options

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
  • FLOOR COVERING, EMBOSSED BLACK RUBBERIZED VINYL FULL WIDTH FLOOR MAT
AIR CONDITIONING
  • AIR CONDITIONING, FRONT MANUAL
  • A/C
AXLE
  • REAR AXLE, 4.10 RATIO
BODY CODE
  • BODY, STANDARD
EMISSIONS
  • EMISSIONS, FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
ENGINE
  • ENGINE, VORTEC 4800 V8 SFI (270 HP [201.4 kW] @ 5200 RPM, 285 LB.-FT. [384.7 N-m] @ 4000 RPM)
  • 8 Cylinder Engine
GLASS PKG
  • GLASS, REAR DOORS & SIDE CARGO DOORS, FIXED
GVWR
  • GVWR, 8600 LBS. (3901 KG)
PAINT
  • SOLID PAINT
PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP
  • PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP 1;-inc: base vehicle
RADIO
  • SOUND SYSTEM, ETR AM/FM STEREO;-inc: seek-and-scan & digital clock
SEAT TRIM
  • CUSTOM VINYL SEAT TRIM
  • Vinyl Seats
SEAT TYPE
  • SEATS, FRONT VINYL RECLINING BUCKETS;-inc: head restraints
SEATING ARRANGEMENT
  • SEATS, FRONT DRIVER & PASSENGER HIGH-BACK RECLINING BUCKETS, ADJUSTABLE, W/HEAD RESTRAINTS & VINYL OR CLOTH TRIM
SIDE DOOR
  • DOOR, SWING-OUT PASSENGER SIDE, 60/40 SPLIT
TIRES
  • TIRES, FRONT LT225/75R16E, ALL-SEASON, BLACKWALL
  • TIRES, REAR LT225/75R16E, ALL-SEASON, BLACKWALL
  • TIRES, SPARE LT225/75R16E, ALL-SEASON, BLACKWALL
TRANSMISSION
  • TRANSMISSION, 4-SPEED AUTOMATIC, HEAVY-DUTY, ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED W/OVERDRIVE, TOW/HAUL MODE & EXTERNAL TRANSMISSION OIL COOLER
  • 4-Speed A/T
  • A/T
  • Transmission Overdrive Switch

Vehicle Equipment

Air Bag - Frontal
  • Driver Air Bag
Air Conditioning
  • AIR CONDITIONING, FRONT MANUAL
  • A/C
Audio
  • AM/FM Stereo
Brakes
  • 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
  • ABS
Convenience
  • Engine Immobilizer
  • Intermittent Wipers
  • Power Outlet
Doors
  • Third Passenger Door
Drivetrain
  • Rear Wheel Drive
Engine
  • ENGINE, VORTEC 4800 V8 SFI (270 HP [201.4 kW] @ 5200 RPM, 285 LB.-FT. [384.7 N-m] @ 4000 RPM)
  • 8 Cylinder Engine
Fuel
  • Gasoline Fuel
Safety Features
  • Daytime Running Lights
Seat Trim
  • CUSTOM VINYL SEAT TRIM
  • Vinyl Seats
Seats
  • Bucket Seats
Steering
  • Power Steering
Tire - Front
  • Tires - Front All-Season
Tire - Rear
  • Tires - Rear All-Season
Tire - Spare
  • Conventional Spare Tire
Transmission
  • TRANSMISSION, 4-SPEED AUTOMATIC, HEAVY-DUTY, ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED W/OVERDRIVE, TOW/HAUL MODE & EXTERNAL TRANSMISSION OIL COOLER
  • 4-Speed A/T
  • A/T
  • Transmission Overdrive Switch
Wheels
  • Steel Wheels

Equipment Details

MECHANICAL
  • Alternator, 105 amps
  • Battery, 600 cold-cranking amps-inc: rundown protection & retained accessory power
  • Brake/transmission shift interlock, automatic transmission
  • Exhaust, aluminized stainless-steel muffler & tailpipe
  • Frame, ladder type
  • Fuel tank, 31 gallon
  • GVWR, 7300 lbs. (3311 kg)
  • Rear wheel drive
  • Steering, power
  • Suspension, front, independent coil springs & stabilizer bar
  • Suspension, rear, hypoid drive axle w/multi-leaf springs
EXTERIOR
  • Body, standard
  • Bumper, front, painted Black
  • Bumper, rear, painted Black step-inc: pad
  • Glass, Solar-Ray light tinted, all windows
  • Grille, Black composite
  • Headlamps, single rectangular halogen
  • License plate bracket, front
  • Mirrors, outside rearview, foldaway, manual, Black, adjustable heads
  • Wipers, intermittent, front wet-arm w/pulse washers
INTERIOR
  • Cupholders, 3, on engine console cover
  • Floor covering, embossed Black rubberized vinyl full width floormat over floor area & front wheelhousing
  • Headliner, cloth, over driver & passenger w/matching retainer moldings
  • Instrumentation, analog-inc: speedometer, odometer w/trip odometer, fuel level, voltmeter, engine temperature & oil pressure
  • Key, single 2-sided
  • Lighting, 2 dome lamps-inc: defeat switch & door handle-activated switches
  • Mirror, inside rearview, manual day/night
  • Oil life monitor
  • Power outlet, auxiliary, 2 covered, on engine console cover, 12-volt
  • Steering wheel, steel sleeve-inc: theft deterrent locking feature, black
  • Theft-deterrent system, PASSLock
  • Visors, padded, driver & passenger side w/vinyl trim
SAFETY
  • Brake/transmission shift interlock, automatic transmission
  • Door beams, steel-side

Chassis

Brakes
  • Brake ABS System - 4-Wheel
  • Brake Type - Pwr
  • Disc - Front (Yes or ) - Yes
  • Disc - Rear (Yes or ) - Yes
  • Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 12.8 x 1.50 in
  • Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness - 13.0 x 1.14 in
Frame
  • Frame Type - Ladder
Fuel Tank
  • Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx - 31 gal
  • Fuel Tank Location - LH Midship Inboard
Steering
  • Steering Ratio (:1), At Lock - 17.2
  • Steering Ratio (:1), On Center - 17.2
  • Steering Type - Pwr-Assisted
  • Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb - 48.6 ft
Suspension
  • Axle Capacity - Front - 4100 lbs
  • Axle Capacity - Rear - 5360 lbs
  • Axle Ratio (:1) - Rear - 4.10
  • Axle Type - Front - Independent
  • Axle Type - Rear - Full-Floating
  • Spring Capacity - Front - 4100 lbs
  • Spring Capacity - Rear - 5360 lbs
  • Stabilizer Bar Diameter - Front - 1.3 in
  • Suspension Type - Front - Independent Coil
  • Suspension Type - Rear - Hypoid Multi-Leaf
Tires
  • Front Tire Capacity - 2060 lbs
  • Front Tire Order Code - XHF
  • Front Tire Size - LT225/75R16E
  • Rear Tire Capacity - 2680 lbs
  • Rear Tire Order Code - YHF
  • Rear Tire Size - LT225/75R16E
  • Spare Tire Capacity - lbs
  • Spare Tire Order Code - ZHF
  • Spare Tire Size - LT225/75R16E
Trailering
  • Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 500 lbs
  • Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 5000 lbs
  • Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. - 730 lbs
  • Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. - 7300 lbs
Weight Information
  • Curb Weight - Front - 2681 lbs
  • Curb Weight - Rear - 2164 lbs
  • Gross Axle Wt Rating - Front - 4100 lbs
  • Gross Axle Wt Rating - Rear - 5360 lbs
  • Gross Combined Wt Rating - 13000 lbs
  • Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Cap - 8600 lbs
Wheels
  • Front Wheel Material - Steel
  • Front Wheel Size - 16 x - TBD - in
  • Rear Wheel Material - Steel
  • Rear Wheel Size - 16 x - TBD - in
  • Spare Wheel Material - Steel

Dimensions

Cargo Area Dimensions
  • Cargo Area Length @ Floor to Console - 153.6 in
  • Cargo Area Length @ Floor to Seat 1 - 127.8 in
  • Cargo Box (Area) Height - 51.9 in
  • Cargo Box Width @ Wheelhousings - 52.7 in
  • Cargo Volume - 267.3 ft³
Exterior Dimensions
  • Ground Clearance, Front - 8.6 in
  • Ground Clearance, Rear - 7.6 in
  • Ground to Top of Load Floor - 22.8 in
  • Height, Overall - 81.6 in
  • Length, Overall w/rear bumper - 224.1 in
  • Rear Door Opening Height - 49.4 in
  • Rear Door Opening Width - 49.4 in
  • Side Door Opening Height - 49.1 in
  • Side Door Opening Width - 40.9 in
  • Step Up Height - Front - 20.1 in
  • Step Up Height - Side - 21.0 in
  • Wheelbase - 135 in
  • Width, Max w/o mirrors - 79.4 in
Interior Dimensions
  • Front Head Room - 40.2 in
  • Front Hip Room - 65.5 in
  • Front Leg Room - 41.2 in
  • Front Shoulder Room - 68.8 in
  • Passenger Capacity - 2

Exterior

Doors
  • Side Door Type - Swing-out

Powertrain

Cooling System
  • Total Cooling System Capacity - 13.5 qts
Electrical
  • Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (Primary) -
  • Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps) -
Engine
  • Displacement - 4.8L/293
  • Engine Order Code - LR4
  • Engine Type - Gas V8
  • Fuel System - MFI
  • SAE Net Horsepower @ RPM - 270 @ 5200
  • SAE Net Torque @ RPM - 290 @ 4000
Mileage
  • EPA Fuel Economy Est - City - MPG
  • EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy - MPG
Transmission
  • Drivetrain - Rear Wheel Drive
  • First Gear Ratio (:1) - 2.48
  • Fourth Gear Ratio (:1) - 0.75
  • Reverse Ratio (:1) - 2.08
  • Second Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.48
  • Third Gear Ratio (:1) - 1.00
  • Trans Description Cont. - HD Automatic w/OD
  • Trans Order Code - MT1
  • Trans Type - 4

Summary

Summary
  • Body Code - ZW9
  • Body Style - 2500 Cargo Van 135" WB
  • Vehicle Name - Chevrolet Express Cargo Van

Vehicle

Vehicle
  • Country of Origin - United States Chevrolet Active
  • Rear Door Type - Dual Swing-out

Sale Record

Sale Date
5 years ago
Sold For
Odometer
5313 mi
Location
Tampa, FL, 33601
Has Keys:Hidden text
Year2003
TitleHidden text
ODO 7695 mi (Hidden text)
LossHidden text
DamageHidden text
Estimated Retail Value$5600
SellerHidden text
LocationTampa, FL, 33601
Date
ended 5 years ago
sold for $302
Sale Website Typesalvage or insurance auction
sale information provided by user #214207
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.

Tech Specs
ColorWhite
TransmissionAutomatic
Engine4.8L V8 FI F
Cylinders8 Cyl
DriveRear Wheel Drive
Fuel TypeGasoline

VIN Decoder — 25 records

Engine
Displacement (CC)

Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

4800.0
Displacement (CI)

Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

292.91397165471
Displacement (L)

Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.

4.8
Engine Configuration

Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.

V-Shaped
Engine Model

Engine model is a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of engine.

LR4
Engine Number of Cylinders

This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.

8
Fuel Delivery / Fuel Injection Type

Fuel Delivery / Fuel Injection Type defines the mechanism through which fuel is delivered to the engine.

Multipoint Fuel Injection (MPFI)
Fuel Type - Primary

Fuel type defines the fuel used to power the vehicle. For vehicles that have two power sources, such as plug-in hybrid vehicle, both primary fuel type and secondary fuel type will be provided.

Gasoline
Other Engine Info

This is a catch-all field for storing additional engine information that does not fit in any of the other engine fields.

Iron
Exterior / Body
Body Class

Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.

Cargo Van
Exterior / Dimension
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating From

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.

Class 2G: 8,001 - 9,000 lb (3,629 - 4,082 kg)
General
Make

Per 49 CFR 565, Make is a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines.

CHEVROLET
Manufacturer Name
Name of the vehicle manufacturer.
GENERAL MOTORS LLC
Model

Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.

Express
Model Year

If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.

2003
Plant City

This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

WENTZVILLE
Plant Company Name

This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

GM Truck Corp
Plant Country

This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

UNITED STATES (USA)
Plant State

This data element captures the State or Province name within the Plant Country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.

MISSOURI
Series

Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.

2500 (3/4 ton)
Vehicle Type

This field defines the type of the vehicle based on the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI).

TRUCK
Internal
NCSA Body Type

An internal NHTSA field to capture the body type of the vehicle.

Large Van-Includes van-based buses (B150-B350, Sportsman, Royal Maxiwagon, Ram, Tradesman,...)
NCSA Make

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Make of the vehicle.

Chevrolet
NCSA Model

An internal NHTSA field to capture the Model of the vehicle.

G-series van
Mechanical / Drivetrain
Drive Type

Drive type stores information about vehicle drivetrain configuration. The most common drive types for passenger cars, crossover vehicles, and pickup trucks are front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), all-wheel drive (AWD), and 4-wheel drive (4WD).

4x2
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
We accept PayPal and Stripe. Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.

Testimonials from our customers

I almost bought a used Honda but luckily checked the BadVin report first. Turned out it had a salvage title from flood damage that the seller didn't disclose. Phew, dodged a huge issue!
Ich hätte fast einen 2017 Mercedes-Benz C300 gekauft, bis der Bad Vin-Bericht zeigte, dass er als durch Überschwemmung beschädigt gemeldet wurde. Die detaillierten Schadensaufzeichnungen haben mich vor einem großen Fehler bewahrt!
Was about to buy a used 2016 Camry but decided to get the badvin report first. Turns out the car had been in a serious crash and was declared a total loss by insurance, even tho carfax showed it as clean! Dodged a bullet on that one. ty badvin
I import used luxury cars from US auctions to resell in Russia. The vehicle history reports from badVIN are essential for avoiding problem cars. For a BMW I was bidding on, it uncovered a salvage title from flood damage that other reports missed! That alone pays for the service.
Compare to other 2003 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G2500
1G1JC5SH7D4200411-2013-chevrolet-sonic
2013 CHEVROLET SONIC
in 2 days, 105,381 mi
est retail value $2,000
buy now price $1,350
VIN 1G1JC5SH7D4200411
3GNFK12367G134011-2007-chevrolet-avalanche
2007 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE
in 2 days, 1 mi
est retail value $6,562
buy now price $1,850
VIN 3GNFK12367G134011
1G11C5SA2DF349610-2013-chevrolet-malibu
2013 CHEVROLET MALIBU
in 3 days, 159,911 mi
est retail value $3,100
VIN 1G11C5SA2DF349610
1G1PC5SH8B7252507-2011-chevrolet-cruze
2011 CHEVROLET CRUZE
in 2 days, 252,781 mi
est retail value $1,725
buy now price $1,200
VIN 1G1PC5SH8B7252507
KL8CB6SA3JC440870-2018-chevrolet-spark
2018 CHEVROLET SPARK
17 days ago, 31,577 mi
est retail value $13,317
VIN KL8CB6SA3JC440870
1G1PB5SH0E7310262-2014-chevrolet-cruze
2014 CHEVROLET CRUZE
in 2 days, 146,297 mi
est retail value $5,420
buy now price $600
VIN 1G1PB5SH0E7310262
1G11C5SA4GU162689-2016-chevrolet-malibu
2016 CHEVROLET MALIBU
in 2 days, 1 mi
est retail value $10,403
VIN 1G11C5SA4GU162689
1GCHK29K57E567198-2007-chevrolet-silverado
2007 CHEVROLET SILVERADO
in 3 days, 331,833 mi
est retail value $7,300
VIN 1GCHK29K57E567198
KL8CF6S93EC409151-2014-chevrolet-spark
2014 CHEVROLET SPARK
17 days ago, 124,520 mi
sold for $1,550
VIN KL8CF6S93EC409151
1G1ZE5ST4GF301755-2016-chevrolet-malibu
2016 CHEVROLET MALIBU
in 2 days, 68,981 mi
est retail value $13,123
VIN 1G1ZE5ST4GF301755
3G1BE5SM5HS573447-2017-chevrolet-cruze
2017 CHEVROLET CRUZE
in 2 days, 228,249 mi
est retail value $5,528
buy now price $1,650
VIN 3G1BE5SM5HS573447
KL8CB6S95EC586618-2014-chevrolet-spark
2014 CHEVROLET SPARK
11 days ago, 122,988 mi
est retail value $1,975
VIN KL8CB6S95EC586618
Other vehicles sales records
WAUCBCF57PA012224-2023-audi-a5-sportback
2023 AUDI A5 SPORTBACK
a month ago, 12 mi
est retail value $40,237
buy now price $9,975
VIN WAUCBCF57PA012224
JM1BK343161537195-2006-mazda-mazda3
2006 MAZDA MAZDA3
in 2 days, 131,979 mi
est retail value $1,850
buy now price $725
VIN JM1BK343161537195
1N4AL2AP6AN401324-2010-nissan-altima
2010 NISSAN ALTIMA
in 3 days, 234,343 mi
est retail value $2,025
VIN 1N4AL2AP6AN401324
1G4GF5E37DF189001-2013-buick-lacrosse
2013 BUICK LACROSSE
in 2 days, 121,012 mi
est retail value $4,700
buy now price $1,100
VIN 1G4GF5E37DF189001
1GCGTCEN3N1267551-2022-chevrolet-colorado
2022 CHEVROLET COLORADO
a month ago, 1 mi
est retail value $32,976
buy now price $2,575
VIN 1GCGTCEN3N1267551
1HGFA16547L134603-2007-honda-civic
2007 HONDA CIVIC
in 2 days, 223,197 mi
est retail value $3,100
VIN 1HGFA16547L134603
1G2ZJ57KX94259789-2009-pontiac-g6-new
2009 PONTIAC G6 NEW
in 3 days, 79,129 mi
est retail value $6,973
VIN 1G2ZJ57KX94259789
JTDKB20U353077730-2005-toyota-prius
2005 TOYOTA PRIUS
in 2 days, 1 mi
est retail value $1,950
VIN JTDKB20U353077730
3HGCM56393G703355-2003-honda-accord
2003 HONDA ACCORD
in 2 days, 213,507 mi
est retail value $3,569
VIN 3HGCM56393G703355
1FAHP34N77W208198-2007-ford-focus
2007 FORD FOCUS
a month ago, 198,273 mi
est retail value $2,267
VIN 1FAHP34N77W208198
4S3BMCA64C3003925-2012-subaru-legacy
2012 SUBARU LEGACY
in 4 days, 129,874 mi
est retail value $3,275
VIN 4S3BMCA64C3003925
2T1KR32EX6C622676-2006-toyota-matrix
2006 TOYOTA MATRIX
in 2 days, 205,033 mi
est retail value $2,525
buy now price $1,325
VIN 2T1KR32EX6C622676
Frequently asked questions
Keeping your vehicle for about three to five years can optimize its resale value, balancing depreciation with usage and maintenance costs.
The report may include a history of odometer readings recorded during sales, services, or inspections, helping you verify the 2003 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G2500's actual mileage, if records are accessible.
The expected depreciation of a vehicle after three years can vary, but generally, cars lose a significant portion of their value within the first few years.
MSRP on a Monroney label stands for Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price, which is the recommended selling price for a vehicle.
Proper maintenance and good condition can slow the depreciation of a 2003 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G2500 by making it more attractive to potential buyers, thereby preserving more of its value.
Our reports may include photos from previous sales, offering a visual history that helps assess the 2003 CHEVROLET vehicle’s condition over time, if such photos are available.
Yes, a VIN decoder can often determine if specific safety technologies are equipped on a 2003 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G2500 based on the trim and optional equipment codes within the VIN.
Ownership history, including the number of previous owners and how long they owned the vehicle, can indicate how well the 2003 CHEVROLET vehicle was maintained, if such records are available.
The information on vehicles provided here is supplied by third parties; BADVIN.ORG is not responsible for the accuracy of any information. BADVIN.ORG provides all service and materials without representations or warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Use BADVIN search and reports along with certified vehicle inspection and test drive. See Terms of Use for more details. All other logos, brands and designated trademarks are the property of their respective holders.