2014 KIA SPORTAGEVIN: KNDPB3AC7E7556422
Historical Records
Damage to right rear
Damage to rear
Year | 2014 |
ODO | 7568 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Sacramento, CA, 95825 |
Date | appeared 6 months ago latest price $1927 sale post disappeared 2020-04-11 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Mineral Silver |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 2.4L I4 16V GDI DOHC |
Drive | Front-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Audio system memory card slot
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Driver Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.1"
- 3652
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Connection
- Hidden text
- Carpet floor mats
- Hidden text
- Cupholders: Front and rear
- Hidden text
- Dual Vanity Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Front Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Halogen projector beam headlights
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 174.8"
- Hidden text
- Power Mirror(s)
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Room: 38.5"
- Hidden text
- Remote activated exterior entry lights
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM AM/FM/Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Tires: Speed Rating: H
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions: ULEV II
- 8052
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Body-colored bumpers
- Hidden text
- Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Diameter of tires: 17.0"
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Front Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Headlights off auto delay
- Hidden text
- Left rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- Overall height: 64.4"
- Hidden text
- Power remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Leg Room: 37.9"
- Hidden text
- Requires Subscription
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM Satellite Radio(TM)
- Hidden text
- Three 12V DC power outlets
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 6
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 17
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Clock: In-dash
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Fold forward seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- Front and rear suspension stabilizer bars
- Hidden text
- Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Overhead console: Mini with storage
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Shoulder Room: 55.1"
- Hidden text
- Right rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside under cargo
- Hidden text
- Tilt and telescopic steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 6.5
- 8481
- ABS
- Hidden text
- Black Grille w/Chrome Surround
- Hidden text
- Cargo tie downs
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Driver airbag
- Hidden text
- Front Shoulder Room: 56.7"
- Hidden text
- Gross vehicle weight: 4,608 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Multi-Link Rear Suspension
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Regular front stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- Silver aluminum rims
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Tires: Profile: 60
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- Front ventilated disc brakes
- Hidden text
- Head Restraint Whiplash Protection with Passenger Seat
- Hidden text
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Overall Width: 73.0"
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Rear Hip Room: 49.1"
- Hidden text
- Remote power door locks
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Temporary Spare Tire
- Hidden text
- Tires: Width: 225 mm
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
Year | 2014 |
ODO | 3893 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $7787 |
Location | Sacramento, CA, 95825 |
Date | ended 8 months ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Silver |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 2 Seatback Storage Pockets
- 5259
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- 2783
- 6-Way Driver Seat -inc: Manual Recline, Height Adjustment and Fore/Aft Movement
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- 1 LCD Monitor In The Front
- 7542
- 54-Amp/Hr 600CCA Maintenance-Free Battery w/Run Down Protection
- Hidden text
- Air Filtration
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Chrome Bumper Insert
- Hidden text
- Clearcoat Paint
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Auxiliary Mirror
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window w/Fixed Interval Wiper, Heated Wiper Park and Defroster
- Hidden text
- 110 Amp Alternator
- 1198
- 60-40 Folding Bench Front Facing Manual Reclining Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Analog Appearance
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Fully Galvanized Steel Panels
- Hidden text
- 15.3 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 4992
- 6-Speed A/T
- Hidden text
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
- Hidden text
- Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo
- Hidden text
- Driver Foot Rest
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats -inc: multi-way adjustable front seats
- Hidden text
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w/Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Chrome/Metal-Look Interior Accents
- Hidden text
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Rear Center 3 Point, Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
- Hidden text
- Full Carpet Floor Covering
- Hidden text
- Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver 1-Touch Down
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Power Mirror(s)
- Hidden text
- Rear Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Front Map Lights
- Hidden text
- Gasoline Fuel
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Radio: AM/FM/CD -inc: 6 speakers, Sirius satellite radio, USB and auxiliary input jacks, Bluetooth (phone and streaming audio)
- Hidden text
- Security System
- Hidden text
- Requires Subscription
- Hidden text
- Temporary Spare Tire
- Hidden text
- Integrated Roof Antenna
- Hidden text
- Manual Anti-Whiplash Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Single Stainless Steel Exhaust
- Hidden text
- Tires: P225/60R17
- Hidden text
- Transmission: 6-Speed Automatic -inc: electronically-controlled overdrive w/Sportmatic shifting
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Hidden text
- Variable Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Rear Defrost
- Hidden text
- Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Steel Spare Wheel
- Hidden text
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear All-Season
- Hidden text
- Urethane Gear Shifter Material
Year | 2014 |
ODO | 3829 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $9533 |
Location | Sacramento, CA, 95825 |
Date | ended 9 months ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Silver |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 15.3 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 3565
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- 110 Amp Alternator
- 4280
- 6-Speed A/T
- Hidden text
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
- Hidden text
- Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo
- Hidden text
- Driver Foot Rest
- Hidden text
- 1 LCD Monitor In The Front
- 1128
- 54-Amp/Hr 600CCA Maintenance-Free Battery w/Run Down Protection
- Hidden text
- Air Filtration
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Chrome Bumper Insert
- Hidden text
- Clearcoat Paint
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Auxiliary Mirror
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window w/Fixed Interval Wiper, Heated Wiper Park and Defroster
- Hidden text
- 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- 5964
- 6-Way Driver Seat -inc: Manual Recline, Height Adjustment and Fore/Aft Movement
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats -inc: multi-way adjustable front seats
- Hidden text
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w/Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- 5891
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 6972
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Connection
- Hidden text
- Carpet Floor Trim
- Hidden text
- Driver Air Bag
- Hidden text
- FOB Controls -inc: Cargo Access
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars
- Hidden text
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Hidden text
- Integrated Roof Antenna
- Hidden text
- Multi-Link Rear Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- Full Carpet Floor Covering
- Hidden text
- Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver 1-Touch Down
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Chrome/Metal-Look Interior Accents
- Hidden text
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Rear Center 3 Point, Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Hidden text
- Front Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- HVAC -inc: Underseat Ducts and Console Ducts
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Rear Bench Seat
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Single Stainless Steel Exhaust
- Hidden text
- Manual Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Perimeter/Approach Lights
- Hidden text
- Transmission: 6-Speed Automatic -inc: electronically-controlled overdrive w/Sportmatic shifting
- Hidden text
- Variable Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Power Mirror(s)
- Hidden text
- Projector Beam Halogen Headlamps w/Delay-Off
- Hidden text
- Rear Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Requires Subscription
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Temporary Spare Tire
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Year | 2014 |
ODO | 5345 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Sacramento, CA, 95825 |
Date | appeared 9 months ago latest price $7171 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Silver |
Color (Interior) | Gray |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 2.4 L |
Cylinders | 4 Cyl |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Black Grille
- Hidden text
- Folding Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Independent Suspension
- Hidden text
- Rear Bench Seat
- Hidden text
- Tinted Windows
- Hidden text
- 12V Power Outlet
- 8171
- 6 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Adjustable Headrests
- Hidden text
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Airbag Deactivation (Passenger)
- Hidden text
- Antenna
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft System
- Hidden text
- Aux Audio Adapter
- Hidden text
- Body Colored Door Handles
- Hidden text
- CD (Single Disc)
- Hidden text
- Cargo Area Tie Downs
- Hidden text
- Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Clock
- Hidden text
- Color Coded Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Cup Holder
- Hidden text
- Electronic Brake Force Distribution
- Hidden text
- Front Airbags (Passenger)
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front Headrests
- Hidden text
- Front Ventilated Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Handsfree/Bluetooth Integration
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Entry
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Low Fuel Level Indicator
- Hidden text
- MacPherson Front Suspension
- Hidden text
- Multi-Link Suspension
- Hidden text
- Panic Button
- Hidden text
- Power Locks
- Hidden text
- Reading Lights
- Hidden text
- Rear Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Rear Privacy Glass
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Defroster
- Hidden text
- Remote Fuel Door Release
- Hidden text
- Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Seat Belt Warning System
- Hidden text
- Split/Folding Seats
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Trip Odometer
- Hidden text
- Urethane Steering Wheel Trim
- Hidden text
- Window Lockout Button
- Hidden text
Year | 2014 |
ODO | 6952 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $7249 |
Location | Sacramento, CA, 95825 |
Date | ended 10 months ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | SUV |
Color | Silver |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 15.3 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 8864
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Cupholder
- 5553
- 3.195 Axle Ratio
- 6553
- A/T
- Hidden text
- Black Grille w/Chrome Surround
- Hidden text
- CD Player
- Hidden text
- Day-Night Rearview Mirror
- Hidden text
- Electric Power-Assist Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Front Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- 2 Seatback Storage Pockets
- 7150
- 60-40 Folding Bench Front Facing Manual Reclining Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Analog Appearance
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Fully Galvanized Steel Panels
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- 3660
- 6-Speed A/T
- Hidden text
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
- Hidden text
- Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo
- Hidden text
- Driver Foot Rest
- Hidden text
- Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars
- Hidden text
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Hidden text
- Integrated Roof Antenna
- Hidden text
- Multi-Link Rear Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Rear Bench Seat
- Hidden text
- 110 Amp Alternator
- 4713
- 6-Way Driver Seat -inc: Manual Recline, Height Adjustment and Fore/Aft Movement
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats -inc: multi-way adjustable front seats
- Hidden text
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w/Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Chrome/Metal-Look Interior Accents
- Hidden text
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Rear Center 3 Point, Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Single Stainless Steel Exhaust
- Hidden text
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Manual Anti-Whiplash Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Perimeter/Approach Lights
- Hidden text
- Radio w/Seek-Scan, MP3 Player, Clock and Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- Vinyl Door Trim Insert
- Hidden text
- Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver 1-Touch Down
- Hidden text
- Radio: AM/FM/CD -inc: 6 speakers, Sirius satellite radio, USB and auxiliary input jacks, Bluetooth (phone and streaming audio)
- Hidden text
- Security System
- Hidden text
- Tires - Front All-Season
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Power Mirror(s)
- Hidden text
- Rear Cupholder
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Side Impact Beams
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear All-Season
- Hidden text
- Tires: P225/60R17
- Hidden text
- Wheels: 17" Alloy
Model Analytics & Market Report
Depreciation
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 MSRP | 0 mi | $26,500 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2014 | 11,413 mi | $31,200 | −$4,700 | −17.74% | 117.74% | -17.74% |
2015 | 22,826 mi | $26,271 | +$4,929 | +15.8% | 99.14% | 0.86% |
2016 | 34,239 mi | $21,498 | +$4,773 | +18.17% | 81.12% | 18.88% |
2017 | 45,652 mi | $20,495 | +$1,003 | +4.67% | 77.34% | 22.66% |
2018 | 57,065 mi | $18,991 | +$1,504 | +7.34% | 71.66% | 28.34% |
→ Visit 2014 KIA SPORTAGE depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
10,000 mi | $17,500 | 15 sales |
20,000 mi | $18,472 | 16 sales |
25,000 mi | $17,750 | 24 sales |
30,000 mi | $18,994 | 20 sales |
35,000 mi | $18,457 | 44 sales |
40,000 mi | $18,590 | 78 sales |
→ Visit 2014 KIA SPORTAGE depreciation page to see full data. |
VIN Decoder — 27 records
A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Fuel Delivery / Fuel Injection Type defines the mechanism through which fuel is delivered to the engine.
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This field captures the location of curtain air bags. Curtain air bags are side air bags that protect the head.