![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i4.badvin.org/6025cddca55eed434356bce6/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0-cb656e.jpg?uid=gst6025cddca55eed434356bce6)
BADVIN vehicle history report for
2016 KIA SOULVIN: KNDJN2A24G7841208
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
⭐ Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Historical Records
20 events
![](/img/stickers/chrysler.jpg)
Window Sticker
PDF found
Photos
179 images
Sales History
17 records
Sale Prices
4 records
Market report
Price analytics
Historical Records
Historical records may include service and maintenance records, title status (clean, junk, salvage), insurance records, number of owners, registration events and states, and other information.
You can find more information about historical records in BADVIN reports and see more examples here.
Available 20 historical records for VIN KNDJN2A24G7841208
Latest reported mileage: 5854 mi
Below you can see some examples of what these records could look like.
2023-06-17
a year ago
68,899 mi
Odometer reading reported
2022-07-10
2 years ago
9,801 mi
REBUILT TITLE ISSUED
2019-12-09
5 years ago
34,644 mi
Damage reported: minor to moderate damage
Damage to right rear
Damage to rear
Damage to right rear
Damage to rear
Window Sticker
A PDF of a window sticker is available for VIN KNDJN2A24G7841208.
Also called Monroney label, it's a label required in the United States to be displayed in all new automobiles.
It may include certain official information about the car such as:
- Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP)
- Engine and Transmission Specifications
- Equipment, Packages, and Extra Features
- Fuel Economy Rating
- Other Information
Read more about window stickers and see some examples here.
![](/img/stickers/chrysler.jpg)
Sale Record
2016 Kia Soul 5dr Wgn Auto Base Hatchback
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 8173 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | COLLEGE PARK, GA, 30349 |
Date | ended 2 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
sale information provided by user #707206
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i5.badvin.org/62d961d01d8ef14c97faca87/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg?uid=gst62d961d01d8ef14c97faca87)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i5.badvin.org/62d961d01d8ef14c97faca88/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg?uid=gst62d961d01d8ef14c97faca88)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i5.badvin.org/62d961d01d8ef14c97faca89/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg?uid=gst62d961d01d8ef14c97faca89)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Color | Black |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | 2 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Standard Features
All these features are based on a model in general. This specific vehicle may differ.
- 2 12V DC Power Outlets
- 9102
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Black Grille w/Chrome Surround
- Hidden text
- Cargo Features -inc: Tire Mobility Kit
- Hidden text
- Digital Signal Processor
- Hidden text
- 110 Amp Alternator
- 7209
- 60-Amp/Hr 550CCA Maintenance-Free Battery w/Run Down Protection
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- Full Cloth Headliner
- 2978
- 6-Speed A/T
- Hidden text
- Aero-Composite Halogen Headlamps
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Door Handles
- Hidden text
- Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Illumination
- Hidden text
- Fade-To-Off Interior Lighting
- Hidden text
- Front Windshield -inc: Sun Visor Strip
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Glove Box
- Hidden text
- Manual w/Tilt Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- 8860
- 6-Way Adjustable Driver's Seat
- Hidden text
- Air Filtration
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Front Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Hidden text
- Clearcoat Paint
- Hidden text
- Driver Foot Rest
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window w/Fixed Interval Wiper and Defroster
- Hidden text
- Front-Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Integrated Roof Antenna
- Hidden text
- 4 Cylinder Engine
- 8687
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Analog Appearance
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Cigar Lighter(s)
- Hidden text
- Full Floor Console, Mini Overhead Console w/Storage and 2 12V DC Power Outlets
- Hidden text
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Front Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Full Carpet Floor Covering
- Hidden text
- Interior Trim -inc: Metal-Look Interior Accents
- Hidden text
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Hidden text
- Power Rear Windows and Fixed 3rd Row Windows
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Gauges -inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Manual Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver 1-Touch Down
- Hidden text
- Rear Bench Seat
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Privacy Glass
- Hidden text
- Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear All-Season
- Hidden text
- Wheels: 16" Alloy
- Hidden text
- Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror
- Hidden text
- Radio w/Seek-Scan, Clock and Speed Compensated Volume Control
- Hidden text
- Side Impact Beams
- Hidden text
- Tires: P205/60R16
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Transmission w/Dual Shift Mode
- Hidden text
- Tire mobility kit
- Hidden text
- Urethane Gear Shifter Material
2016 Kia Soul
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 6841 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Vienna, VA, 22182 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $1190 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
7844 |
sale information provided by user #404256
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i3.badvin.org/5f792bbb441fbe187af23a44/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i3.badvin.org/5f792bbb441fbe187af23a48/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i3.badvin.org/5f792bbb441fbe187af23a4c/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Color | black |
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 1353 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Vienna, VA, 22182 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $1299 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
1765 |
sale information provided by user #777835
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i3.badvin.org/5f763c7123c5996941518e8c/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i3.badvin.org/5f7a30f6d33cf926d4b070d2/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i3.badvin.org/5f7a30f6d33cf926d4b070d4/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Body Style | Wagon |
Color | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 1.6 L |
Cylinders | 4 Cyl |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Extra Features
- Keyless Entry
Standard Features
All these features are based on a model in general. This specific vehicle may differ.
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
2016 Kia Soul
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 6107 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Vienna, VA, 22182 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $5535 sale post disappeared 2021-09-01 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
4995 |
sale information provided by user #652371
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i4.badvin.org/601b0f42dfb96f27ab44bb48/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i4.badvin.org/601b0f42dfb96f27ab44bb49/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i4.badvin.org/601b0f42dfb96f27ab44bb4a/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Color | Shadow Black Exterior |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic Transmission |
Drive | Front Wheel Drive |
Standard Features
All these features are based on a model in general. This specific vehicle may differ.
- 3557
- Bumpers: Body-Color
- Hidden text
- Front reading lights
- Hidden text
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- 5904
- Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Electronic stability control
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Rear window wiper
- 2887
- Bluetooth
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Panic alarm
- Hidden text
- Speed control
- Hidden text
- ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Driver Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Illuminated entry
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Split folding rear seat
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Mounted Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- AM/FM radio: SiriusXM
- Hidden text
- Dual Front Impact Airbags
- Hidden text
- Occupant Sensing Airbag
- Hidden text
- Radio: Am/Fm/Mp3 Audio System
- Hidden text
- Tilt steering wheel
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 1366 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Vienna, VA, 22182 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $8081 sale post disappeared 2023-01-22 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
1088 |
sale information provided by user #628208
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i3.badvin.org/5fcedcf607e6f7426ada8450/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i3.badvin.org/5f7b75cfadde4a194c3438a8/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i3.badvin.org/5fc2e54dbade7f29acea42cb/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Body Style | Wagon |
Color | Shadow Black |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 1.6L I4 16V GDI DOHC |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Extra Features
- AM/FM radio: SiriusXM
- Hidden text
- Dual Front Impact Airbags
- Hidden text
- Outside temperature display
- Hidden text
- 6 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Occupant Sensing Airbag
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Defroster
- Hidden text
- Variably Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Bumpers: Body-Color
- Hidden text
- Front Wheel Independent Suspension
- Hidden text
- Power Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Telescoping Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Cloth seat trim
- Hidden text
- Illuminated entry
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Tilt Steering Wheel,6-Way Adjustable Driver'S Seat
- Hidden text
- Driver Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Hidden text
- Radio: Am/Fm/Mp3 Audio System
- Hidden text
- Traction Control,4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Mounted Audio Controls
Standard Features
All these features are based on a model in general. This specific vehicle may differ.
- Audio controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Front suspension stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- Manual front air conditioning
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Center Console: Full with covered storage
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Fuel Type: Regular unleaded
- Hidden text
- Overall Width: 70.9"
- Hidden text
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Cloth seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.6"
- Hidden text
- Independent front suspension classification
- Hidden text
- Overhead console: Mini with storage
- Hidden text
- Side airbag
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 24 mpg
- Hidden text
- Max cargo capacity: 61 cu.ft.
- Hidden text
- Rear bench
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Urethane shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Front Ventilated disc brakes,1st and 2nd row curtain head airbags
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Power remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM AM/FM/Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Wheelbase: 101.2"
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 6
- Hidden text
- Remote power door locks
- Hidden text
- Surround Audio
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 16
Sale Record
2016 Kia Soul 5dr Wgn Auto Base Hatchback
Year | 2016 |
ODO | 5491 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Vienna, VA, 22182 |
Date | ended 3 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
sale information provided by user #526590
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i4.badvin.org/6025cddca55eed434356bce6/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg?uid=gst6025cddca55eed434356bce6)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i4.badvin.org/6025cddca55eed434356bce7/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg?uid=gst6025cddca55eed434356bce7)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i4.badvin.org/6025cddca55eed434356bce8/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg?uid=gst6025cddca55eed434356bce8)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Body Style | Sedan |
Color | Black |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 4 Cylinder |
Drive | 2 Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Standard Features
All these features are based on a model in general. This specific vehicle may differ.
- 3357
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Body-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Wheel Drive
- 9866
- MP3 Player
- 3963
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Hidden text
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes w/4-Wheel ABS, Front Vented Discs, Brake Assist and Hill Hold Control
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Hidden text
- Radio: AM/FM/MP3 Audio System -inc: SiriusXM satellite radio w/3-month complimentary subscription, Bluetooth wireless technology w/steering wheel-mounted controls, USB/auxiliary input jacks, and 6 speakers
- Hidden text
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Cloth seat trim
- Hidden text
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
- Hidden text
- Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
- Hidden text
- Fixed Rear Window w/Fixed Interval Wiper and Defroster
- Hidden text
- Front Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Hidden text
- Manual Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Hidden text
- Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Tires: P205/60R16
- Hidden text
- 60-40 Folding Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Illumination
- Hidden text
- Front Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Wheels: 16" Alloy
Sale Record
Has Keys:Hidden text
Year | 2016 |
Title | Hidden text |
ODO | 780 mi (Hidden text) |
Loss | Hidden text |
Damage | Hidden text, Hidden text |
Estimated Retail Value | $6000 |
Location | ATLANTA SOUTH, GA, 30301 |
Date | ended 54 years ago |
Sale Website Type | salvage or insurance auction |
sale information provided by user #463983
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0](https://i5.badvin.org/660f3d248ea87e3178ff1dfc/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-0.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1](https://i5.badvin.org/660f3d248ea87e3178ff1e05/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-1.jpg)
![KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2](https://i5.badvin.org/660f3d248ea87e3178ff1e0c/KNDJN2A24G7841208-2016-kia-soul-2.jpg)
All photos above are REAL and display ACTUAL car. After you get the report you will see full resolution photos.
Tech Specs
Body Style | HATCHBACK |
Engine | 1.6L I-4 DI, DOHC, VVT, 130HP |
Cylinders | 4 Cylinders |
Drive | Front Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Model Analytics & Market Report
We've analyzed more than 116,900 sales records of this model and here are some numbers.
The average price for new (MSRP) 2016 KIA SOUL in 2016 was $19,723.
The average price for used 2016 KIA SOUL nowadays in 2024 is $10,855 which is 55% from the original price.
Estimated mileage driven per year is 11,874 miles.
For this model we also have depreciation curve, photos, list of features and options, and other analytics.
Take a look at 2016 KIA SOUL model page in BADVIN vehicles catalog.
Depreciation
The graph below is a depreciation curve for 2016 KIA SOUL. It shows how much this model looses per year in price. This analytics is calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2016 KIA SOUL in each year since the year of manufacturing, current year price and projected price in the future years.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 MSRP | 0 mi | $19,723 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2016 | 11,874 mi | $21,418 | −$1,695 | −8.59% | 108.59% | -8.59% |
2017 | 23,748 mi | $18,999 | +$2,419 | +11.29% | 96.33% | 3.67% |
2018 | 35,622 mi | $17,983 | +$1,016 | +5.35% | 91.18% | 8.82% |
2019 | 47,496 mi | $16,895 | +$1,088 | +6.05% | 85.66% | 14.34% |
2020 | 59,370 mi | $15,995 | +$900 | +5.33% | 81.1% | 18.9% |
→ Visit 2016 KIA SOUL depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
The graph below shows how mileage affects the price for 2016 KIA SOUL. This data was calculated using sales records from BADVIN database.
The table below shows average price for used 2016 KIA SOUL by mileage and number of sales.
You can scroll the table horizontally to see all columns.
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
10,000 mi | $13,598 | 19 sales |
15,000 mi | $15,119 | 24 sales |
20,000 mi | $15,137 | 36 sales |
25,000 mi | $13,899 | 72 sales |
30,000 mi | $13,894 | 80 sales |
35,000 mi | $13,495 | 102 sales |
→ Visit 2016 KIA SOUL depreciation page to see full data. |
Get FULL ACCESS to the vehicle history report and see all blurred info.
⭐ Read 206+ reviews from our customers who used BADVIN to avoid buying junk vehicles.
Testimonials from our customers
Purchased a badvin report before buying a used Lexus RX 350. It revealed a minor accident the seller hadn't mentioned. I still bought the car but used the info to negotiate a lower price. Well worth the cost for the leverage it gave me!
After a bad experience buying a used car that turned out to have major issues, I now use Bad VIN to thoroughly check every vehicle i consider. It costs a bit more than other services but the detailed records and photos of past sales are wotrh it for the added peace of mind.
I almost bought a 2019 Malibu that seemed like a great deal - low miles and price. But the badvin report showed it used to be a rental fleet vehicle, which the seller didn't disclose. Glad I found out before buying someone else's abused rental!
As a car dealer importing vehicles from the US to Mexico, I rely on badvin for comprehensive history reports before bidding at auctions. Their info has helped me avoid several salvage vehicles and is more thorough than carfax. A must-have service!
Frequently asked questions
Safety recall reports, if available, detail the nature of the defect, risk severity, and recommended actions, ensuring the safety and reliability of the 2016 KIA vehicle.
The best time of year to sell your car to minimize depreciation might be just before the release of a new model, when demand for used models could be higher.
Window stickers for luxury 2016 KIA models often include unique information such as high-end options, advanced technological features, and premium materials, reflecting the upscale positioning of these vehicles.
Taxes are not typically shown on the Monroney label for 2016 KIA vehicles as they vary by location and are usually calculated and added at the time of purchase.
Vehicle history reports may include details and photographs from auto auctions, showing the 2016 KIA vehicle’s condition and specifications when it was up for sale, if available.
While a VIN decoder can provide the model year that can suggest warranty status, verifying the actual warranty status usually requires direct contact with the manufacturer or dealer.