2020 CHEVROLET SPARKVIN: KL8CB6SA6LC452045
Historical Records
Damage to rear
Vehicle declared a total loss by an insurance company
Collision damage reported
Damage to front
Window Sticker
- Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP)
- Engine and Transmission Specifications
- Equipment, Packages, and Extra Features
- Fuel Economy Rating
- Other Information
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 4308 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72210 |
Date | appeared a year ago latest price $7554 sale post disappeared 2020-10-26 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
3129 |
Color | Toasted Marshmallow Exterior |
Transmission | Continuously Variable Automatic Transmission |
Drive | 2 wheel drive - front |
- LS Preferred Equipment Group Includes Standard Equipment
- Hidden text
- Rear Vision Camera
- Hidden text
- TOASTED MARSHMALLOW (Metallic paint.)
- Hidden text
- Seats front high-back bucket
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (does not monitor spare tire)Engine 1.4l dohc 4-cylinder mfi (98 hp [73.07 kW] @ 6200 rpm 94 lb-ft of torque [127.4 N-m] @ 4400 rpm)
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 2455 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72210 |
Date | appeared a year ago latest price $7806 sale post disappeared 2023-08-10 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
8280 |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Toasted Marshmellow Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Jet Black |
Transmission | Automatic CVT |
Engine | 1.4L I4 16V MPFI DOHC |
Drive | Front-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 1955
- Audio System Premium Brand: Chevrolet MyLink
- Hidden text
- Cloth seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Door pockets: Driver and passenger
- Hidden text
- Flip forward cushion/seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Driver airbag
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.0"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Type: Regular unleaded
- Hidden text
- Left rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- One 12V DC power outlet
- Hidden text
- Rear Shoulder Room: 49.8"
- Hidden text
- Seatbelt pretensioners: Front
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Torsion beam rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 15
- 6412
- Audio System Chevrolet Infotainment 3 System 7in Diagonal Color Touchscreen ...
- Hidden text
- Clock: In-radio display
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Fuel Capacity: 9.0 gal.
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Metal-look shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Room: 37.0"
- Hidden text
- Regular front stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Tires: Speed Rating: T
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- 4-wheel ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Cargo area light
- Hidden text
- Curb weight: 2,278 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Electric Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Front Shoulder Room: 50.8"
- Hidden text
- Instrumentation: Low fuel level
- Hidden text
- Manual remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Passenger Airbag
- Hidden text
- Rear door type: Liftgate
- Hidden text
- Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside under cargo
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (does not monitor spare tire)
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- 1st and 2nd row curtain head airbags
- Hidden text
- Body-colored bumpers
- Hidden text
- Colored dash trim
- Hidden text
- Driver and passenger knee airbags
- Hidden text
- Front Hip Room: 48.2"
- Hidden text
- Halogen aero-composite headlights
- Hidden text
- Lpo Wheel Lock Kit ($75.00 Value When New)Brakes 4-Wheel Antilock Front Disc...
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 143.1"
- Hidden text
- Rear view camera
- Hidden text
- Seats front high-back bucket
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 4
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 6
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 30 mpg
- Hidden text
- JET BLACK/JET BLACK CLOTH SEAT TRIM
- Hidden text
- Mobile Phone App Mirroring
- Hidden text
- Rear Hip Room: 48.0"
- Hidden text
- Right rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- Steel spare wheel rim
- Hidden text
- Tires: Width: 185 mm
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions: LEV3-ULEV70
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 6342 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72204 |
Date | appeared 2 years ago latest price $5794 sale post disappeared 2021-03-17 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
3507 |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Toasted Marshmellow Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Jet Black |
Transmission | Automatic CVT |
Engine | 1.4L I4 16V MPFI DOHC |
Drive | Front-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 9688
- Black Grille
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Door reinforcement: Side-impact door beam
- Hidden text
- Floor mats: Carpet front and rear
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 38 mpg
- Hidden text
- LS Preferred Equipment Group Includes Standard Equipment
- Hidden text
- Mobile Hotspot Internet Access
- Hidden text
- Rear Leg Room: 33.0"
- Hidden text
- Seatback storage: 1
- Hidden text
- Strut front suspension
- Hidden text
- TOASTED MARSHMALLOW (Metallic paint.)
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Driver airbag
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.0"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Type: Regular unleaded
- Hidden text
- Left rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- One 12V DC power outlet
- Hidden text
- Rear Shoulder Room: 49.8"
- Hidden text
- Seatbelt pretensioners: Front
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Torsion beam rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 15
- 4739
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Chevrolet Mylink Touch
- Hidden text
- Diameter of tires: 15.0"
- Hidden text
- Engine Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Front suspension stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- Integrated satellite communications
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 143.1"
- Hidden text
- Rear view camera
- Hidden text
- Seats front high-back bucket
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 4
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 6
- 2425
- Audio System Premium Brand: Chevrolet MyLink
- Hidden text
- Cloth seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Door pockets: Driver and passenger
- Hidden text
- Flip forward cushion/seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 30 mpg
- Hidden text
- JET BLACK/JET BLACK CLOTH SEAT TRIM
- Hidden text
- Mobile Phone App Mirroring
- Hidden text
- Rear Hip Room: 48.0"
- Hidden text
- Right rear passenger door type: Conventional
- Hidden text
- Steel spare wheel rim
- Hidden text
- Tires: Width: 185 mm
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions: LEV3-ULEV70
- 9827
- Audio System Chevrolet Infotainment 3 System 7in Diagonal Color Touchscreen ...
- Hidden text
- Clock: In-radio display
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Fuel Capacity: 9.0 gal.
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Metal-look shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Room: 37.0"
- Hidden text
- Regular front stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Tires: Speed Rating: T
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- Lpo Wheel Lock Kit ($75.00 Value When New) Brakes 4-Wheel Antilock Front Dis...
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 5340 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72204 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $9254 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Beige |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 1.4 L |
Cylinders | 4 Cyl |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Preferred Equipment Package
- 4953
- Steel Wheels
- Hidden text
- 4-Passenger Seating
- Hidden text
- Adjustable Seats
- Hidden text
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Hidden text
- Automatic Headlights
- Hidden text
- Cloth Upholstery
- Hidden text
- Driver Seat Mounted Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Rear Drum Brakes
- Hidden text
- Telematics System
- Hidden text
- Touch-Screen Display
- Hidden text
- Wheel Locks
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 2027 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72204 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $1445 sale post disappeared 2019-09-30 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | Toasted Marshmallow Exterior |
Transmission | Continuously Variable Automatic Transmission |
Drive | 2 wheel drive - front |
- Brakes 4-wheel antilock front disc/rear drum
- Hidden text
- Rear Vision Camera
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (does not monitor spare tire)Engine 1.4l dohc 4-cylinder mfi (98 hp [73.07 kW] @ 6200 rpm 94 lb-ft of torque [127.4 N-m] @ 4400 rpm)
- Hidden text
- Transmission Continuous Variable (CVT)
- Hidden text
- TOASTED MARSHMALLOW (Metallic paint.)
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 7900 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Little Rock, AR, 72204 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $9561 sale post disappeared 2022-08-14 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Toasted Marshmellow Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Jet Black |
Transmission | Automatic CVT |
Engine | 1.4L I4 16V MPFI DOHC |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Hidden text
- Engine 1.4L DOHC 4-cylinder MFI (98 hp [73.07 kW] @ 6200 rpm 94 lb-ft of torque [127.4 N-m] @ 4400 rpm)
- Hidden text
- Rear Vision Camera
- Hidden text
- TRANSMISSION CONTINUOUS VARIABLE (CVT)
- Hidden text
- LS Preferred Equipment Group Includes Standard Equipment
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (does not monitor spare tire)
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Colored door trim
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.0"
- Hidden text
- Independent front suspension classification
- Hidden text
- Overall Width: 62.8"
- Hidden text
- Side airbag
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Curb weight: 2,278 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Front independent suspension
- Hidden text
- Instrumentation: Low fuel level
- Hidden text
- Overall height: 58.4"
- Hidden text
- Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside under cargo
- Hidden text
- Torsion beam rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Center Console: Full with storage
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Front Ventilated disc brakes,1st and 2nd row curtain head airbags
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Privacy glass: Light
- Hidden text
- Split rear bench
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Wheelbase: 93.9"
- Hidden text
- Black Grille
- Hidden text
- Colored dash trim
- Hidden text
- Flip forward cushion/seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- Headlights off auto delay
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 143.1"
- Hidden text
- Semi-independent rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Tilt-adjustable steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Cargo area light
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Electric Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 38 mpg,4-wheel ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Max cargo capacity: 27 cu.ft.
- Hidden text
- Rear spoiler: Lip
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 618 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
MSRP | $8085 |
Location | Conway, AR, 72032 |
Date | appeared 4 years ago latest price $6015 sale post disappeared 2021-07-06 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Toasted Marshmallow |
Color (Interior) | Jet Black/Jet Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | Gas I4 1.4L/85 |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 94 lb-ft of torque [127.4 N-m] @ 4400 rpm) (STD)
- 1849
- Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capable (STD)
- 4153
- CLOTH SEAT TRIM,
- Hidden text
- Engine
- Hidden text
- TOASTED MARSHMALLOW (Metallic paint.)
- Hidden text
- Seats
- Hidden text
- Chevrolet Infotainment 3 System
- Hidden text
- Transmission
- Hidden text
- CONTINUOUS VARIABLE (CVT) (STD)
- Hidden text
- voice command pass-through to phone
- ABS
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Knee Air Bag
- Hidden text
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- Front Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Hidden text
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Cloth Seats
- Hidden text
- Front Wheel Drive
- Hidden text
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- AUDIO SYSTEM CHEVROLET INFOTAINMENT 3 SYSTEM 7" diagonal color touchscreen AM/FM stereo. Additional features for compatible phones include: Bluetooth audio streaming for 2 active devices voice command pass-through to phone Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capable (STD)
- Hidden text
- Driver Air Bag
- Hidden text
- JET BLACK/JET BLACK CLOTH SEAT TRIM
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Back-Up Camera
- Hidden text
- Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Seats Front High-Back Bucket (Std)
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear Performance
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- TOASTED MARSHMALLOW (Metallic paint.)
- Hidden text
- Smart Device Integration
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
Year | 2020 |
ODO | 661 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
MSRP | $4843 |
Location | Conway, AR, 72032 |
Date | appeared 4 years ago latest price $9600 sale post disappeared 2022-02-07 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Hatchback |
Color | Toasted Marshmallow |
Color (Interior) | Jet Black/Jet Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | Gas I4 1.4L/85 |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 1.4L DOHC 4-CYLINDER MFI (98 hp [73.07 kW] @ 6200 rpm
- 6250
- 7" DIAGONAL COLOR TOUCHSCREEN
- Hidden text
- Chevrolet Infotainment 3 System
- Hidden text
- CLOTH SEAT TRIM,
- Hidden text
- CONTINUOUS VARIABLE (CVT) (STD)
- Hidden text
- Engine
- Hidden text
- Seats
- Hidden text
- Transmission
- Hidden text
- voice command pass-through to phone
- Hidden text
- Wheel lock kit
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- Back-Up Camera
- Hidden text
- Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Seats Front High-Back Bucket (Std)
- Hidden text
- Tires - Rear Performance
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Connection
- Hidden text
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Stability Control
- Hidden text
- JET BLACK/JET BLACK CLOTH SEAT TRIM
- Hidden text
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Front Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Lpo Wheel Lock Kit
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Cloth Seats
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- WiFi Hotspot
- Hidden text
- LS Preferred Equipment Group Includes Standard Equipment
- Hidden text
- Rear Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Tires - Front Performance
Model Analytics & Market Report
Depreciation
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 MSRP | 0 mi | $16,720 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2022 | 31,614 mi | $15,999 | +$0 | +0% | 95.69% | 4.31% |
2023 | 42,152 mi | $13,955 | +$2,044 | +12.78% | 83.46% | 16.54% |
2024 | 52,690 mi | $13,488 | +$467 | +3.35% | 80.67% | 19.33% |
→ Visit 2020 CHEVROLET SPARK depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
0 mi | $16,989 | 40 sales |
5,000 mi | $16,970 | 126 sales |
10,000 mi | $15,991 | 195 sales |
15,000 mi | $15,413 | 241 sales |
20,000 mi | $15,365 | 309 sales |
25,000 mi | $15,500 | 324 sales |
→ Visit 2020 CHEVROLET SPARK depreciation page to see full data. |
VIN Decoder — 49 records
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) means a portion of a service brake system that automatically controls the degree of rotational wheel slip during braking by: (1) Sensing the rate of angular rotation of the wheels; (2) Transmitting signals regarding the rate of wheel angular rotation to one or more controlling devices that interpret those signals and generate responsive controlling output signals; and (3) Transmitting those controlling signals to one or more modulator devices that adjust brake actuating forces in response to those signals.
An auto-reverse system enables power windows and sunroofs on motor vehicles to automatically reverse direction when such power windows and panels detect an obstruction. This feature can prevent children and others from being trapped, injured, or killed by the power windows and sunroofs.
ESC is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction (skidding). When ESC detects loss of steering control, it automatically applies the brakes to help steer the vehicle in the driver's intended direction. Braking is automatically applied to wheels individually, such as the outer front wheel to counter oversteer, or the inner rear wheel to counter understeer. Some ESC systems also reduce engine power until control is regained.
A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.
When the traction control computer detects a driven wheel or wheels spinning significantly faster than another, it invokes an electronic control unit to apply brake friction to wheels spinning due to loss of traction. This braking action on slipping wheels will cause power transfer to the wheels with traction due to the mechanical action within the differential.
A backup camera, also known as a rearview video system, helps prevent back-over crashes and protects our most vulnerable people - children and senior citizens - by providing an image of the area behind the vehicle. A backup camera helps the driver see behind the vehicle while in reverse.
DRL is an automotive lighting system on the front of a vehicle or bicycle, that automatically switches on when the vehicle is in drive, and emits white, yellow, or amber light to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle during daylight conditions.
A semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device provides automatic or manual control of beam switching at the option of the driver. When the control is automatic, the headlamps switch from the upper beam to the lower beam when illuminated by the headlamps on an approaching car and switch back to the upper beam when the road ahead is dark. When the control is manual, the driver may obtain either beam manually regardless of the condition of lights ahead of the vehicle.
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.
This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.
Fuel Delivery / Fuel Injection Type defines the mechanism through which fuel is delivered to the engine.
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the higher bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This field captures the location of curtain air bags. Curtain air bags are side air bags that protect the head.
This field captures the location of frontal air bags. Frontal air bags are generally designed to deploy in "moderate to severe" frontal or near-frontal crashes.