![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0](https://i3.badvin.org/5d3ced695d10ad4c94ba177b/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0-71abb7.jpg)
2015 HONDA ODYSSEYVIN: 5FNRL5H66FB027394
Historical Records
Collision damage reported
Vandalism damage reported
Damage to front
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 5157 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
MSRP | $7612 |
Location | Frisco, TX, 75034 |
Date | appeared a day ago latest price $5754 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0](https://i5.badvin.org/6671664943b935772ec30abe/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1](https://i5.badvin.org/6671664943b935772ec30ac6/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2](https://i5.badvin.org/6671664943b935772ec30acb/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2.jpg)
Body Style | Passenger Van |
Color | Modern Steel Metallic |
Color (Interior) | Gray |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.5L V6 24V MPFI SOHC |
Drive | Front-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 7417
- 60-40 Third Row Seat
- Hidden text
- Audio controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Dual Climate Control
- Hidden text
- Exterior Parking Camera Rear
- Hidden text
- Front Hip Room: 58.2"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Type: Regular unleaded
- Hidden text
- Heated passenger mirror
- Hidden text
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Manufacturer's 0-60mph acceleration time (seconds): 7.6 s
- Hidden text
- Overhead console: Mini with storage
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Rear Head Room: 39.4"
- Hidden text
- Rear center seatbelt: 3-point belt
- Hidden text
- Right rear passenger door type: Power sliding
- Hidden text
- Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Sunroof / Moonroof
- Hidden text
- Tires: Profile: 65
- Hidden text
- Variably Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- 17' X 7' Alloy Wheels
- 5914
- 4.25 Axle Ratio
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft Alarm System
- Hidden text
- Body-colored bumpers
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Diameter of tires: 17.0"
- Hidden text
- Driver'S Seat Mounted Armrest
- Hidden text
- Express open/close glass sunroof
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 38.3"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 28 mpg
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Leather shift knob
- Hidden text
- Manual child safety locks
- Hidden text
- Overhead console
- Hidden text
- Power Passenger Seat
- Hidden text
- Rear Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Rear air conditioning with separate controls
- Hidden text
- Remote window operation
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control
- Hidden text
- Strut front suspension
- Hidden text
- Tires: Prefix: P
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- 3rd Row Head Room: 38.0"
- 4707
- 7 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Audio system memory card slot
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Compass
- Hidden text
- Door pockets: Driver, passenger and rear
- Hidden text
- Dual Front Impact Airbags
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Front Leg Room: 40.9"
- Hidden text
- Fully Automatic Headlights
- Hidden text
- Illuminated entry
- Hidden text
- Leather seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Max cargo capacity: 149 cu.ft.
- Hidden text
- Panic alarm
- Hidden text
- Power Liftgate
- Hidden text
- Rear Hip Room: 66.1"
- Hidden text
- Rear door type: Power liftgate
- Hidden text
- Seatback storage: 4
- Hidden text
- Speed-Sensitive Wipers
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Tires: Speed Rating: T
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions: ULEV II
- Hidden text
- 3rd Row Hip Room: 48.4"
- 6967
- A/V Remote
- Hidden text
- Audio system security
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Door reinforcement: Side-impact door beam
- Hidden text
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Hidden text
- Floor mats: Carpet front and rear
- Hidden text
- Front reading lights
- Hidden text
- Garage Door Transmitter: Homelink
- Hidden text
- In-Dash single CD player
- Hidden text
- Leather shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Nearly New
- Hidden text
- Passenger Airbag
- Hidden text
- Power remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Leg Room: 40.9"
- Hidden text
- Rear heat ducts with separate controls
- Hidden text
- Seatbelt pretensioners: Front
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional power steering
- Hidden text
- TV / DVD Entertainment Package
- Hidden text
- Tires: Width: 235 mm
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- 1237
- 3rd Row Leg Room: 42.4"
- 6927
- ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Auto-Dimming Rear-View Mirror
- Hidden text
- Bumpers: Body-Color
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Double wishbone rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Fold forward seatback rear seats
- Hidden text
- Front Shoulder Room: 64.4"
- Hidden text
- Gross vehicle weight: 6,019 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Independent front suspension classification
- Hidden text
- Leather steering wheel trim
- Hidden text
- Occupant Sensing Airbag
- Hidden text
- Passenger Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear reading lights
- Hidden text
- Rear seats center armrest
- Hidden text
- Security System
- Hidden text
- Split folding rear seat
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 7
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 17
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 9122 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Frisco, TX, 75034 |
Date | appeared 8 days ago latest price $7974 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
2388 |
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0](https://i5.badvin.org/667160c0f876777675b94499/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0.jpg)
Body Style | Minivan |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 3.5 L |
Cylinders | 6 Cyl |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Alloy Wheels
- Hidden text
- Heated Seats
- Hidden text
- Leather Seats
- Hidden text
- Power Sliding Doors
- Hidden text
- Spoiler
- Hidden text
- 3rd Row Bench Seat
- 2713
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 2152
- 7 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Adjustable 3rd Row Seats
- Hidden text
- Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft System
- Hidden text
- Auto-Dimming Mirror
- Hidden text
- Body Colored Bumpers
- Hidden text
- CD (Single Disc)
- Hidden text
- Delay-Off Headlights
- Hidden text
- Driver Seat Mounted Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front Airbags (Driver)
- Hidden text
- Front Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Front Side Airbags (Driver)
- Hidden text
- Head Restraint Whiplash Protection
- Hidden text
- Independent Suspension
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Leather Trimmed Seats
- Hidden text
- Overhead Console
- Hidden text
- Passenger Seat Mounted Armrest
- Hidden text
- Power Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Reading Lights
- Hidden text
- Rear Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Wiper
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Split/Folding Seats
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Thermometer
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Vanity Mirror/Light
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 2829 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Garland, TX, 75041 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $1241 sale post disappeared 2023-11-21 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0](https://i4.badvin.org/60f9c038386290671ee9b74e/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1](https://i4.badvin.org/60f9c038386290671ee9b74f/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2](https://i4.badvin.org/60f9c038386290671ee9b750/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2.jpg)
Body Style | Minivan |
Color | Gray |
Color (Interior) | Gray |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.5L V6 24V MPFI SOHC |
Drive | Front-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- 8532
- 4-wheel ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Audio system security
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Driver Seat Head Restraint Whiplash Protection
- Hidden text
- Floor mats: Carpet front and rear
- Hidden text
- Front and rear reading lights
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Leather shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 202.9"
- Hidden text
- Power Sliding Door(s)
- Hidden text
- Rear defroster
- Hidden text
- 3rd Row Leg Room: 42.4"
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft Alarm System
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Technology
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Door pockets: Driver, passenger and rear
- Hidden text
- Engine Immobilizer
- Hidden text
- Front Seat Heaters
- Hidden text
- Guaranteed
- Hidden text
- Lane Departure Warning
- Hidden text
- Manufacturer's 0-60mph acceleration time (seconds): 7.6 s
- Hidden text
- Power Locks
- Hidden text
- Quad Seats
- Hidden text
- Rear air conditioning with separate controls
- Hidden text
- Right rear passenger door type: Power sliding
- Hidden text
- Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside
- Hidden text
- Third Row Seat
- Hidden text
- Two 12V DC power outlets
- Hidden text
- 3rd Row Hip Room: 48.4"
- 9290
- Alloy Wheels
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Handsfreelink Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Electrochromatic rearview mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Leg Room: 40.9"
- Hidden text
- Gross vehicle weight: 6,019 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Manual child safety locks
- Hidden text
- Power Hatch/Deck Lid
- Hidden text
- Privacy glass: Deep
- Hidden text
- Rear view camera
- Hidden text
- Remote window operation
- Hidden text
- Smart key
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Window Grid Antenna
- 9457
- 4 Door
- Hidden text
- Audio system memory card slot
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Double wishbone rear suspension
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Front ventilated disc brakes
- Hidden text
- Headlights off auto delay
- Hidden text
- Leather seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Metal-look/piano black dash trim
- Hidden text
- Power Seat(S)
- Hidden text
- Rear air conditioning
- Hidden text
- Rear door type: Power liftgate
- Hidden text
- Seatback storage: 4
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional power steering
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Universal remote transmitter
- Hidden text
- 1st, 2nd and 3rd row head airbags
- 8110
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Cargo tie downs
- Hidden text
- DVD Video System
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Four-wheel independent suspension
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 19 mpg
- Hidden text
- Independent front suspension classification
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbags
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Leg Room: 40.9"
- Hidden text
- Regular front stabilizer bar
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM AM/FM/Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Strut front suspension
- Hidden text
- Tires: Width: 235 mm
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 17
- Hidden text
- Remote power door locks
- Hidden text
- Siriusxm Trial Available
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Wheelbase: 118.1"
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 3773 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Mckinney, TX, 75070 |
Date | appeared 5 years ago latest price $3811 sale post disappeared 2022-07-08 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Minivan |
Color | Gray |
Color (Interior) | Gray |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.5L V6 24V MPFI SOHC |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Hidden text
- Automatic Transmission
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth
- Hidden text
- Power Sliding Door(s)
- Hidden text
- Alloy Wheels
- Hidden text
- Fold-Away Third Row
- Hidden text
- Power Seat(S)
- Hidden text
- Power Locks
- Hidden text
- Power Liftgate/Decklid
- Hidden text
- Power Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Siriusxm Trial Avail
- Hidden text
- Rear defroster
- Hidden text
- Smart Key,
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Front Ventilated disc brakes,1st
- Hidden text
- Leather steering wheel trim
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Remote window operation
- Hidden text
- Tilt and telescopic steering wheel
- 4502
- Audio system security
- Hidden text
- Daytime Running Lights
- Hidden text
- Front and rear reading lights
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Power remote trunk release
- Hidden text
- Side airbag
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Handsfreelink Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Manufacturer's 0-60mph acceleration time (seconds): 7.6 s
- Hidden text
- Radio data system
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions
- Hidden text
- Automatic front air conditioning
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 19 mpg
- Hidden text
- Machined aluminum rims
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM AM/FM/Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Total Number of Speakers: 7
- Hidden text
- Audio system memory card slot
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 17
- Hidden text
- Compass
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Leather seat upholstery
- Hidden text
- Power Liftgate
- Hidden text
- Rear spoiler: Lip
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Heated-Seatback
Year | 2015 |
ODO | 8496 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Irving, TX, 75062 |
Date | appeared 5 years ago latest price $7734 sale post disappeared 2024-05-29 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0](https://i3.badvin.org/5d3ced695d10ad4c94ba177b/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-0.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1](https://i3.badvin.org/5d3ced695d10ad4c94ba1787/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-1.jpg)
![5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2](https://i3.badvin.org/5d3ced695d10ad4c94ba1790/5FNRL5H66FB027394-2015-honda-odyssey-2.jpg)
Body Style | Minivan |
Color | Gray |
Color (Interior) | Gray |
Transmission | 6-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.5L V6 24V MPFI SOHC |
Drive | FWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Hidden text
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Hidden text
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbags
- Hidden text
- Alloy Wheels
- Hidden text
- Power Locks
- Hidden text
- Siriusxm Trial Avail
- Hidden text
- DVD Video System
- Hidden text
- Quad Seats
- Hidden text
- Rear defroster
- Hidden text
- Satellite radio ready
- Hidden text
- Side airbags
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth
- Hidden text
- Power Seat(S)
- Hidden text
- Sunroof(S)
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Front Ventilated disc brakes,1st
- Hidden text
- 2nd and 3rd row head airbags
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Electrochromatic rearview mirror
- Hidden text
- In-Dash single CD player
- Hidden text
- Metal-look/piano black dash trim
- Hidden text
- Rear heat ducts with separate controls
- Hidden text
- Split rear bench
- Hidden text
- Beverage cooler in console
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Heated-Cushion
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 28 mpg
- Hidden text
- Manual Folding Third Row Seat
- Hidden text
- Audio controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Cargo area light
- Hidden text
- Express open/close glass sunroof
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Leather steering wheel trim
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 17
- Hidden text
- Rear spoiler: Lip
- Hidden text
- Rear air conditioning with separate controls,60-40 Third Row Seat
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Heated-Seatback
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional power steering
- Hidden text
- Tilt and telescopic steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 7
- Hidden text
- Bluetooth Handsfreelink Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Manufacturer's 0-60mph acceleration time (seconds): 7.6 s
- Hidden text
- Radio data system
- Hidden text
- Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions
Model Analytics & Market Report
Depreciation
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 MSRP | 0 mi | $33,403 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2015 | 11,617 mi | $43,118 | −$9,715 | −29.08% | 129.08% | -29.08% |
2016 | 23,234 mi | $39,995 | +$3,123 | +7.24% | 119.73% | -19.73% |
2017 | 34,851 mi | $35,898 | +$4,097 | +10.24% | 107.47% | -7.47% |
2018 | 46,468 mi | $32,997 | +$2,901 | +8.08% | 98.78% | 1.22% |
2019 | 58,085 mi | $30,700 | +$2,297 | +6.96% | 91.91% | 8.09% |
→ Visit 2015 HONDA ODYSSEY depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
25,000 mi | $28,990 | 17 sales |
30,000 mi | $25,465 | 22 sales |
35,000 mi | $25,998 | 22 sales |
40,000 mi | $24,998 | 33 sales |
45,000 mi | $23,545 | 36 sales |
50,000 mi | $23,998 | 73 sales |
→ Visit 2015 HONDA ODYSSEY depreciation page to see full data. |
VIN Decoder — 33 records
A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine brake is the horsepower (hp) at the engine output shaft. Engine Brake (hp) From is the lower value of the range.
Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.
This is a numerical field to store the number of cylinders in an engine. Common values for passenger cars are 4 or 6.
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the State or Province name within the Plant Country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.
This field captures the location of curtain air bags. Curtain air bags are side air bags that protect the head.