2017 DODGE CHALLENGERVIN: 2C3CDZGG4HH586156
Historical Records
Vehicle involved in a sideswipe collision with another motor vehicle
Airbag deployed
Tire repaired
Vandalism damage reported
Damage to front
Window Sticker
- Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP)
- Engine and Transmission Specifications
- Equipment, Packages, and Extra Features
- Fuel Economy Rating
- Other Information
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 3116 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Staunton, VA, 24401 |
Date | appeared 4 months ago latest price $4529 sale post disappeared 2023-04-27 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Green Go Clearcoat |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | 8-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC |
Drive | All-wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- *RECENT TRADE IN*
- 3162
- ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Apple CarPlay/Android Auto mirroring
- Hidden text
- Black Grille w/Chrome Accents
- Hidden text
- Coil rear spring
- Hidden text
- Digital Audio Input
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Four-wheel independent suspension
- Hidden text
- Front Shoulder Room: 58.5"
- Hidden text
- Garage Door Transmitter
- Hidden text
- Heated Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Interior air filtration
- Hidden text
- Multi-Link Rear Suspension
- Hidden text
- ParkSense rear reverse sensing system
- Hidden text
- Power remote passenger mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Leg Room: 33.1"
- Hidden text
- Rear seats center armrest
- Hidden text
- Side airbag
- Hidden text
- Stability control with anti-roll control
- Hidden text
- Tires: Speed Rating: H
- Hidden text
- Universal Garage Door Opener
- Hidden text
- Wheelbase: 116.2"
- Hidden text
- 1st and 2nd row curtain head airbags
- 7171
- Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Audio controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Driver Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Electrochromatic rearview mirror
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front and rear suspension stabilizer bars
- Hidden text
- GPS Navigation
- Hidden text
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Leather Trim Seats
- Hidden text
- Overall Length: 197.9"
- Hidden text
- Passenger Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Privacy glass: Light
- Hidden text
- Rear Shoulder Room: 53.9"
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Variable intermittent front wipers
- Hidden text
- *Bluetooth*
- 1706
- 4-wheel ABS Brakes
- Hidden text
- Ambient lighting
- Hidden text
- Automatic front air conditioning
- Hidden text
- Center Console: Full with covered storage
- Hidden text
- Daytime Running Lights
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Heated-Cushion, Driver And Passenger Heated-Seatback
- Hidden text
- Floor mats: Carpet front and rear
- Hidden text
- Front Hip Room: 55.3"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 27 mpg
- Hidden text
- Head Restraint Whiplash Protection with Passenger Seat
- Hidden text
- Instrumentation: Low fuel level
- Hidden text
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Hidden text
- Overhead console
- Hidden text
- Power Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Rear Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Rear bench
- Hidden text
- Seatbelt pretensioners: Front
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional electric power steering
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System: Tire specific
- Hidden text
- Two 12V DC power outlets
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- Hidden text
- *Apple Carplay/Android Auto*
- Hidden text
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Aluminum dash trim
- Hidden text
- Automatic Temperature Control
- Hidden text
- Cargo area light
- Hidden text
- Curb weight: 4,108 lbs.
- Hidden text
- Driver airbag
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Front Head Room: 39.3"
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 18 mpg
- Hidden text
- Halogen aero-composite headlights
- Hidden text
- Independent rear suspension
- Hidden text
- Leather/metal-look steering wheel trim
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Power Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Radio: Uconnect 4C w/8.4 Display
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Defroster
- Hidden text
- Remote window operation
- Hidden text
- Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Tilt and telescopic steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Ventilated Front Seats
- Hidden text
- *Heated Seats*
- 8820
- 8.4 Touchscreen Display
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft Alarm System
- Hidden text
- Auxilliary engine cooler
- Hidden text
- Coil front spring
- Hidden text
- Diameter of tires: 19.0"
- Hidden text
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Hidden text
- Four Wheel Independent Suspension
- Hidden text
- Front reading lights
- Hidden text
- Fully Automatic Headlights
- Hidden text
- Heated Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Integrated Voice Command w/Bluetooth
- Hidden text
- Media Hub (2 USB
- Hidden text
- Panic alarm
- Hidden text
- Power remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Rear Hip Room: 47.8"
- Hidden text
- Rear door type: Trunk
- Hidden text
- Short And Long Arm Front Suspension
- Hidden text
- Spoiler
- Hidden text
- Tires: Profile: 55
- Hidden text
- Uconnect w/Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Hidden text
- Wheel Width: 7.5
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 3826 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Fairmont, WV, 26554 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $4429 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Green |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 3.6 L |
Cylinders | 6 Cyl |
Drive | AWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Navigation System
- Hidden text
- Fog Lights
- Hidden text
- Leather Seats
- Hidden text
- Subwoofer
- Hidden text
- 19 Inch Wheels
- Hidden text
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 7162
- 6 Speakers
- 9731
- AM/FM
- Hidden text
- Air Conditioning
- Hidden text
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Hidden text
- Apple Carplay
- Hidden text
- Auto-Dimming Mirror
- Hidden text
- Aux Audio Adapter
- Hidden text
- Braking Assist
- Hidden text
- Compass
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Front Airbags (Driver)
- Hidden text
- Front Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front Side Airbags (Passenger)
- Hidden text
- Handsfree/Bluetooth Integration
- Hidden text
- Heated Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Integrated Garage Door Opener
- Hidden text
- Leather Shift Knob Trim
- Hidden text
- Leather Trimmed Seats
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Panic Button
- Hidden text
- Power Seat (Dual)
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Reading Lights
- Hidden text
- Rear Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Rear Parking Sensors
- Hidden text
- Rear-View Camera
- Hidden text
- Satellite Radio
- Hidden text
- Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Sport Seats
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Telematics System
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- USB Adapter
- Hidden text
- Vanity Mirror/Light
- Hidden text
- Voice-Activated Command System
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 9849 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | WHITE HALL, WV, 26554 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $1521 sale post disappeared 2024-01-11 |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Green Go Clearcoat |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | 8-Speed Automatic |
Engine | 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC |
Drive | AWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- HD Radio
- Hidden text
- Media Hub (2 USB
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Security System
- Hidden text
- Auto-Dimming Rear-View Mirror
- Hidden text
- Electronic stability control
- Hidden text
- Google Android Auto
- Hidden text
- Leather shift knob
- Hidden text
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Rear seat center armrest
- Hidden text
- Spoiler,8.4 Touchscreen Display
- Hidden text
- Bumpers: Body-Color
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Heated Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Nappa Leather Sport Seat
- Hidden text
- Quick Order Package 21B
- Hidden text
- SiriusXM Traffic Plus
- Hidden text
- Tilt steering wheel
- Hidden text
- AUX)
- Hidden text
- Front Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- GPS Navigation
- Hidden text
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Hidden text
- Power Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Suede/Nappa Performance Seats
- Hidden text
- Anti-Whiplash Front Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Driver Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Front Fog Lights
- Hidden text
- Illuminated entry
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Radio: Uconnect 4C w/8.4 Display
- Hidden text
- Sound Group II,1-Yr Siriusxm Guardian Trial,506 Watt Amplifier,5-Year Siriusxm Traffic Service,5-Year Siriusxm Travel Link Service,6 Speakers,9 Amplified Speakers W/Subwoofer
- Hidden text
- Universal Garage Door Opener
- Hidden text
- Telescoping Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Traction Control,4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Bucket Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Electrochromatic rearview mirror
- Hidden text
- Heated driver mirror
- Hidden text
- Power remote driver mirror adjustment
- Hidden text
- Auxilliary engine cooler
- Hidden text
- Dual front air conditioning zones
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: Highway: 27 mpg
- Hidden text
- Manufacturer's 0-60mph acceleration time (seconds): 6.0 s
- Hidden text
- Aluminum dash trim
- Hidden text
- Cruise controls on steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Front and rear reading lights
- Hidden text
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Hidden text
- Cargo area light
- Hidden text
- External temperature display
- Hidden text
- Heated passenger mirror
- Hidden text
- Automatic front air conditioning
- Hidden text
- Driver And Passenger Heated-Cushion
- Hidden text
- Fuel Consumption: City: 18 mpg
- Hidden text
- Leather/metal-look steering wheel trim
- Hidden text
- Rear seats center armrest
- Hidden text
- Stability control with anti-roll control
- Hidden text
- Remote power door locks
- Hidden text
- Tilt and telescopic steering wheel
- Hidden text
- Rear spoiler: Lip
- Hidden text
- Suspension class: Regular
- Hidden text
- Wheel Diameter: 19
- Hidden text
- Passenger Airbag
- Hidden text
- Leather/metal-look shift knob trim
- Hidden text
- Rear bench
- Hidden text
- Video Monitor Location: Front
- Hidden text
- Remote activated exterior entry lights
- Hidden text
- Remote window operation
- Hidden text
- Speed-proportional electric power steering
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Vehicle Emissions: ULEV II
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 2920 mi |
Condition | Hidden text |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Morehead, KY, 40351 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $8689 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Green |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 3.6 L |
Cylinders | 6 Cyl |
Drive | AWD |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Spoiler
- Hidden text
- Heated Seats
- Hidden text
- 19 Inch Wheels
- Hidden text
- Ventilated Seats
- Hidden text
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 3270
- 6 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Android Auto
- Hidden text
- Anti-Theft System
- Hidden text
- Auto Climate Control
- Hidden text
- Automatic Headlights
- Hidden text
- Body Colored Bumpers
- Hidden text
- Cloth Seats
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Front Airbags (Driver)
- Hidden text
- Front Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Front Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Front Side Airbags (Passenger)
- Hidden text
- Handsfree/Bluetooth Integration
- Hidden text
- Illuminated Entry
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Leather Trimmed Seats
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Panic Button
- Hidden text
- Power Seat (Dual)
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Reading Lights
- Hidden text
- Rear Center Armrest
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Defroster
- Hidden text
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Speed-Sensing Steering
- Hidden text
- Sport Seats
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Hidden text
- Telematics System
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Hidden text
- Traction Control
- Hidden text
- USB Adapter
- Hidden text
- Vanity Mirror/Light
- Hidden text
Sale Record
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 4461 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Location | Morehead, KY, 40351 |
Date | ended 3 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Body Style | Coupe |
Color | Green |
Color (Interior) | Black |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 6 Cylinder |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
- A/T
- Hidden text
- Climate Control
- Hidden text
- Fog Lamps
- Hidden text
- Keyless Entry
- Hidden text
- Power Driver Seat
- Hidden text
- A/C
- Hidden text
- Back-Up Camera
- Hidden text
- Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Heated Front Seat(s)
- Hidden text
- Passenger Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Rear Bench Seat
- Hidden text
- Aluminum Wheels
- Hidden text
- Cruise Control
- Hidden text
- Front Side Air Bag
- Hidden text
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Power Steering
- Hidden text
- Security System
- Hidden text
- AM/FM Stereo
- Hidden text
- Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- Floor Mats
- Hidden text
- Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Power Door Locks
- Hidden text
- Rear Parking Aid
- Hidden text
- Trip Computer
- Hidden text
- Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror
- Hidden text
- Daytime Running Lights
- Hidden text
- Gasoline Fuel
- Hidden text
- MP3 Player
- Hidden text
- Power Windows
- Hidden text
- Smart Device Integration
- Hidden text
- Rear Spoiler
- Hidden text
- Universal Garage Door Opener
- Hidden text
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Hidden text
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 5959 mi |
Seller | Hidden text (Hidden text) |
Location | Morehead, KY, 40351 |
Date | appeared 3 years ago latest price $5849 sale post disappeared 2023-10-01 |
Price History | |
Sale Website Type | classifieds |
Notes | |
Hidden text |
Color | Green Go Clearcoat Exterior |
Transmission | 8-Speed Automatic Transmission |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
- 5386
- Anti-Whiplash Front Head Restraints
- Hidden text
- Dual Front Impact Airbags
- Hidden text
- Fully Automatic Headlights
- Hidden text
- Integrated Center Stack Radio
- Hidden text
- Panic alarm
- Hidden text
- Rear Parking Sensors
- Hidden text
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- Hidden text
- Automatic Temperature Control
- Hidden text
- Four Wheel Independent Suspension
- Hidden text
- Google Android Auto
- Hidden text
- 1-Yr SiriusXM Guardian Trial
- Hidden text
- Apple CarPlay
- Hidden text
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Hidden text
- GPS Antenna Input
- Hidden text
- Integrated Voice Command w/Bluetooth
- Hidden text
- ParkView rear back-up camera
- Hidden text
- Rear Anti-Roll Bar
- Hidden text
- Spoiler
- Hidden text
- 6 Speakers
- Hidden text
- Brake Assist
- Hidden text
- Front Bucket Seats
- Hidden text
- HD Radio
- Hidden text
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Hidden text
- Power Door Mirrors
- Hidden text
- Rear Window Defroster
- Hidden text
- Split folding rear seat
- Hidden text
- Ventilated Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Overhead Airbag
- Hidden text
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- Hidden text
- Radio data system
- Hidden text
- Rear seat center armrest
- Hidden text
- Telescoping Steering Wheel
- Hidden text
- Speed control
- Hidden text
- Variably Intermittent Wipers
- Hidden text
- Tachometer
- Hidden text
- Heated Front Seats
- Hidden text
- Leather shift knob
- Hidden text
- Passenger Door Bin
- Hidden text
- Rear reading lights
- Hidden text
- Steering Wheel Mounted Audio Controls
- Hidden text
- Wheels: 19" x 7.5" Aluminum Painted Hyperblack
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 9659 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $3124 |
Location | Jeffersonville, IN, 47130 |
Date | ended 6 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Color | Green |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 6 Cylinder |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 1696 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $1955 |
Location | Jeffersonville, IN, 47130 |
Date | ended 6 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Color | Green |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 6 Cylinder |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 8602 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $3142 |
Location | Jeffersonville, IN, 47130 |
Date | ended 6 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Color | Green |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 6 Cylinder |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Year | 2017 |
ODO | 2103 mi |
Seller | Hidden text |
Buy Now Price | $9877 |
Location | Jeffersonville, IN, 47130 |
Date | ended 6 years ago |
Sale Website Type | dealer auction |
Color | Green |
Transmission | Automatic |
Engine | 6 Cylinder |
Drive | All Wheel Drive |
Fuel Type | Gasoline |
Model Analytics & Market Report
Depreciation
Year | Average Mileage | Average Price | % Left | % Lost | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 MSRP | 0 mi | $32,900 | — | — | 100% | 0% |
2018 | 14,368 mi | $37,971 | +$0 | +0% | 115.41% | -15.41% |
2019 | 21,552 mi | $31,100 | +$6,871 | +18.1% | 94.53% | 5.47% |
2020 | 28,736 mi | $29,489 | +$1,611 | +5.18% | 89.63% | 10.37% |
2021 | 35,920 mi | $31,998 | −$2,509 | −8.51% | 97.26% | 2.74% |
→ Visit 2017 DODGE CHALLENGER depreciation page to see full data. |
Price vs Mileage
Mileage | Average Price | Sample Size |
---|---|---|
0 mi | $43,491 | 20 sales |
5,000 mi | $48,000 | 63 sales |
10,000 mi | $46,677 | 100 sales |
15,000 mi | $37,750 | 147 sales |
20,000 mi | $35,700 | 171 sales |
25,000 mi | $33,997 | 236 sales |
→ Visit 2017 DODGE CHALLENGER depreciation page to see full data. |
VIN Decoder — 31 records
A TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS can be divided into two different types - direct and indirect. Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each wheel, either internal or external. The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire and report it to the vehicle's instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor. Indirect TPMS does not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside of the tire itself.
Engine displacement (in cubic centimeters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in cubic inches) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine displacement (in liters) is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead center to bottom dead center.
Engine configuration defines how engine cylinders are arranged. Common values are V6 for V-shaped arrangement, I4 or L4 for in-line arrangement.
Body Class presents the body type based on 49 CFR 565.12(b): "Body type means the general configuration or shape of a vehicle distinguished by such characteristics as the number of doors or windows, cargo-carrying features and the roofline (e.g., sedan, fastback, hatchback)." Definitions are not provided for individual body types in the regulation.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the lower bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of a vehicle including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo, but excluding that of the trailers. Per 49 CFR 565.15, Class 1 is further broken down to Class A-D; Class 2 is further broken down to Class E-H. This field captures the higher bound of GVWR range for the vehicle.
Per 49 CFR 565, Model means a name that a manufacturer applies to a family of vehicles of the same type, make, line, series and body type.
If the model year (MY) is supplied when the VIN is decoded, such as from a crash report or a vehicle registration record, the MY value will be the supplied MY, even if the MY decoded from the VIN differs from the supplied MY. If the MY is not supplied when the VIN is decoded, the MY value will be decoded from the 10th character in the VIN.
This data element captures the city of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the name of the company that owns the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
This data element captures the State or Province name within the Plant Country of the manufacturing plant where the manufacturer affixes the VIN.
Per 49 CFR 565, Series means a name that a manufacturer applies to a subdivision of a "line" denoting price, size or weight identification and that is used by the manufacturer for marketing purposes.